Discussion On Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) Assignment (Term Paper Sample)

Every Student Succeeds Act
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Institution
Abstract
According to Biggs (2011), theories are vital in researching the intricacy of various policy processes. The complexity appears from several interactions among a significant number of diverse people that may be seeking political influence, unexpected and periodic events as well as a complicated nature of programs and policies, which cover several government levels as well as contextual settings. System processes are characterized by a variety of factors ranging from geographical as well as socioeconomic conditions. Looking at ESSA, these factors are at play, and this write-up elaborates what it would take to endear the policy to a majority of stakeholders, if not all.
Brief Statement of the Policy Context
Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) eradicated most of the descriptions of the elementary and secondary law on education as well as the flexibility waivers (“Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) of 2015: Gains and challenges,” 2015). The draft guidelines stipulate that extensive stakeholder consultation is done in developing the state plan. Sabatier and Weible (2014) explain that research on policy processes can be described as the study of interactions between government policies and its associated actors, events as well as its contexts along with the policy outcomes. In surveying such complexities, people are instinctively controlled through cognitive suppositions that obligate them to identify factors of the process and overlook others. To mitigate the impacts of such presuppositions, theories can be used to highlight the significant study items that specify their relationship. Through requiring, a conscientious strictness in selecting what should be explored in the evaluation of policy processes, theories improve the probability that faults will be recognized hence facilitating overtime lesson learning (Moran, 2015). These benefits are enhanced when the ideas are implemented with accurate data collection and analysis techniques correctly when weighed against research based on implicit as well as general observations.
Policy Analysis
This paper will assist in advancing research on policy processes through providing a collection of the most capable theories as well as providing of critical and thoughtful comparisons. Policy process research definition is provided in this essay along with a historical view of the way system processes have been studied and their impacts over time. The subtle concept of public policy is discussed as an aspect of public policy that involves public policy examples include laws, statutes, regulations, government programs, and executive decisions. Similarly, other examples of public policy are the universally understood rules that are under application and makeup behavioral situations, which involve public affairs such as sustained street level bureaucratic practices that deliver public services.
Applying Multiple Streams Analytic Framework to the Policy Process Theories
The process of public policy includes several cycles and stages and steps which overlap. This may result from public policies that may provide opportunities for attaining political goals related to public policy (Sabatier & Weible, 2014). The public policy context is linked to socio-economic conditions, infrastructure, culture as well as the biophysical conditions and institutions such as regulations that are used to establish a governing system.
The Problem Stream
The problem stream includes numerous conditions that the citizens and decision makers always want to be addressed. These include environmental disasters, government budget deficits, inflation, increasing medical expenses, and changes in education. These conditions are evaluated by decision makers through indicators, feedback, and focus events. Symbols are used in assessing the magnitude and the existence of a condition as well as the scope of change, for instance, effective teacher evaluation, the efficacy of student tests, and widespread high school dropout rates. Evaluation of indicators can regularly be done or through individual surveys (Shaw, 2001). For example, currently, significant effort is going into the implications of ESSA in terms of what it will do to improving student achievement and reducing school dropout rates among others. The drafted indicators are politically used to weigh the magnitude of change in the hope of attracting proper attention. Eventually, some states will attract more attention and will be considered more problematic when compared to others, when outcomes are measured against specific issues as well as expectations.
Policy Stream
Public policy refers to a set of objectives that are established by the government, which is associated with the general welfare of the public and measures taken to achieve it. The process of public policy is the method in which public policy is formulated, evaluated, and implemented (Bardach & Patashnik, 2015). Public policies can incorporate both the objectives, means and can vary from symbolic to instrumental as well as from procedural to substantive. On the other hand, public policy can be extensively understood by recognizing the agencies that constitute various designs and content such as the rule statements. For instance, some institutions ascribe to particular influence for a specific position while others require information exchange under some conditions. The performer in the policy process can involve individuals, collectives, countries, and groups. For instance, under ESSA, these include the federal and state governments, teachers, parents, and students as well as other education stakeholders both at the federal and state levels (Moran, 2015). Some of the actors actively seek to influence policy and politics on a particular issue. The events include both the anticipated and unanticipated incidents that range from scientific discoveries, to chronic or acute societal dilemmas.
The Political Stream
Policies must be created from the recognized problems that have been incorporated into the different agendas that aim to solve the issues raised. After that, regulatory amendments must be enacted through using congressional procedures. They must also be developed by using a bureaucratic system. However, inaction, defeating particular proposals, and not making sufficient resolutions are considered to be part of the process of policymaking.
Policy Communities, Policy Entrepreneurs and the Policy Stream
The results include both the long-term and the short-term public policy effects on the society that continue to interact with the policy process (Sabatier & Weib...