Article Review (Rego & Cunha, 2009) (Book Review Sample)

Articles Review
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Article Review
* Article: Does the Need to Belong Moderate the Relationship Between Perceptions of Spirit of Camaraderie and Employees’ Happiness? (Rego& Cunha, 2009)
This article addresses two hypotheses. The first hypothesis states that employees with positive perceptions about spirit of camaraderie in their organizations tend to experience higher affective well-being. The second hypothesis stresses on the need to belong moderates the relationship between the perceptions of spirit of camaraderie and affective well-being. In comparison with those with a lower need to belong, employees with a high need to belong experience high affective well-being when they perceive high spirit of camaraderie and lower affective well-being when they perceive low spirit of camaraderie.
The research in this article is aimed at showing how the perceptions of spirit of camaraderie explain five dimensions of employees’ affective well-being. The constructs under study are spirits of camaraderie, the need to belong and affective well-being. . The definition of affective well-being is divided into dimensions that comprise the normal array of affective presentation (Daniel, 2000). Although presented in a different model, the premise is supported by additional research (Larsen &Diener, 1992; Posner, Russell, & Peterson, 2005). Likewise, the definitions of spirit of camaraderie and the need to belong are also supported by scholarly literature (Hornsey&Jetten, 2004; Baumeister& Leary, 1995; Haller &Hadler, 2006; Maslow, 1968; Weiss, 1991).
The constructs are measured by three tests. Spirit of camaraderie was measured by questionnaires utilizing four 6-point Likert items. Affective well-being is measured by a questionnaire measuring the five dimensions of anxiety-comfort, depression–pleasure, boredom–enthusiasm, tiredness–vigor, and anger–placidity. The need to belong is measured by a 10-item questionnaire developed by Leary et al. (2006).
The spirit of camaraderie measure has been used and validated in previous studies (Rego and Cunha, 2007a, 2007b). The affective well-being measure was validated previously by Daniels (2000). The need to belong measure was validated through descriptive statistics. All results were compared to data comprised in other studies.
Considering the psychometrics and prior use of the measures as described in the article, the measures utilized are appropriate for measuring the constructs. The use of other scholastic resources revealed additional information on the measures. According to the article, it is clearly noted that the measures used in this study are constantly being studied and revised. It is also learnt that researchers are approaching the same question from many different angles
Therefore, one of the lessons learnt from the article is that there are many research approaches that can be deployed in handling a particular subject matter.
* Article: Patterns and Personality Correlates of Implicit and Explicit Attitudes toward Christians and Muslims. (Rowatt, Franklin & cotton, 2005).
The research done in this article shows that right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance would correlate negatively with self-reported attitudes toward Muslims and with preference for Christians relative to Muslims. Moreover, they predicted that anti-Arab racism will correlate negatively with self-reported positive attitudes toward Muslims. Additionally, other religious and social personality constructs believed to correlate with ethnocentrism and prejudice, such as social dominance, right-wing authoritarianism, religious fundamentalism, Christian orthodoxy, religious motivations, and social desirability, are examined to ascertain that they would correlate with implicit and explicit measures of attitudes toward Christians and Muslims.
The constructs studied in the article are implicit and explicit attitudes toward Muslims and Christians. Definitions for implicit attitudes are gleaned from research by Banaji, Lem and Carpenter (2001) and Perino (1998). Definitions for explicit attitudes are taken from the literature of Himmelfarb (1993). The support for the definition of implicit attitudes is more than adequate; however, the definition for explicit attitude is only supported by one article. A scholarly research on explicit reveals that in spite of the limited support provided in this article, the definition for explicit attitudes is in agreement with others in literature.
Researchers in this article utilized a number of tests and measures. Each participant was administered the Christian-Muslim Implicit Association Test via computer based on research by Farnham (1998). The nine measures completed by the researchers include: The Religious Fundamentalism Scale (Altemeyer and Hunsberger 1992), The Right-Wing Authoritarianism Scale (Altemeyer and Hunsberger 1992), The Christian Orthodoxy Scale—Short Form (Hunsberger 1989), The Attitudes Toward Christianity Scale (Francis and Stubbs 1987), The Attitudes Toward Muslims Scale (Altareb 1997), The Anti-Arab Racism Scale (Pratto et al. 1994), The Social Dominance Orientation Scale (Pratto et al. 1994), Measures of Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Quest religious orientations (Allport a...