Accounting of ABC Company (Coursework Sample)

Accounting – ABC Company
Student Name
University Name
Accounting – ABC Company
Introduction
In this assignment, there is an analysis of ABC Company. The aim of this assignment is to help the CEO on various aspects and plans which will be helpful in the expansion of the company. This company specializes in manufacturing of roofing and siding shingles that are making annual sales of $1.2 million. This sale is 25 percent higher than last year sales. The company target is $3 million in the upcoming three years. In order to achieve this target, ABC Company is trying to add new products, which will help the company to raise its revenue. At the same time, it will also help to leverage the present skillset of its workforce. The new product that ABC Company is working on is Cedar Dollhouse. It will use "shingle" scrap material along with other raw materials. It helps the company to put to leverage the manufacturing facilities and present workforce. The revenue is expected to grow substantially along with the expenses. Firm benefits of adding new product line are – large-scale gains in productivity, less product risk, efficient use of human resources, customer satisfaction and unprecedented growth in market. There is further analysis of the proposal, to find out if this product will help the company to reach its target. (Drury, 2012)
Part I
Risk Profile
ABC Company is planning to add a new product line to their existing line of goods. It must calculate the risks involved in this decision. There are two types of risk involved. These risks are financial risks and business risks. A business risk associates itself with strategic decisions making and financial risks associates with monetary decisions like capital structure decisions, capital budgeting decisions. To excel in business and to gain profits, a business must be able to manage both these risks by using risk management techniques and decisions.
Business risk means the risk that affects the core business activities of the company. These activities include inefficient management in supply chain, improper product pricing, non-efficient manufacturing process. These risks influence the business directly and are involved in daily working in an organization. Finance risk means the risk, which mainly associates with capital structure of ABC. If he company is carrying more debt then, liability of repayment and interest costs are also high which makes the organization non vulnerable to risk.
In order to come over the different business risks, the company must determine, which strategy is the most appropriate. The major strategies are cost leadership, differentiation of products and focus strategies. Having low cost strategy will help the company is designing, producing and marketing of products more efficiently than its competitors. Differentiation strategy is the potential of the company to produce and market better of different products or services to its consumers with respect to family, additional features and after sales customer services. When ABC Company uses focus strategy, it will imply cost leadership and also the differentiation strategy. The primary focus is only on a narrow and niche market. These strategies are cost focus and differentiation aim respectively. (Lanen, 2011)
Apart from this, the company must also put to use financial risk management techniques. Financial management techniques include proper capital structure, exchange risk, hedging risk and interest rate risk. Financial management means to collect finance for ABC at minimum rate of interest and use it in generating for earning maximum returns. Financial management is carried out to control and monitor finance of the company and achieve the profit target quicker. The scope of financial management includes, anticipation of future market movements, acquisition of different resources, and allocation of resources and assessment of financial activities. These activities are carried out with the aim of profit maximization, wealth maximization, Estimation of financial requirements, maintaining proper cash flow and company survival in the long run against its rivals.
Part II
Company Cash Flow
ABC Company
Cash Flow Statement
For the Year Ended December 31, 19xx
Direct Method
Particulars

Amount

Cash from Operating Activities:

 

Cash Received from customers

$12,60,000.00

Cash Paid to Suppliers and Employees

$10,80,000.00

Cash Generated From Operations

$1,80,000.00

Less: Income Tax Paid -

 

Cash Flow before Extra ordinary Items

$1,80,000.00

Cash Flow From Investing Activities:

 

Purchases of Equipment

$-1,00,000.00

Cash Flow From Financing Activities:

 

Dividend Declared

$1,00,000.00

Net Increase/Decrease in Cash and Cash Equivalent

$20,000.00

Cash and Cash Equivalents As at beginning of the year

$70,000.00

Cash and Cash Equivalents As at End of the year

$50,000.00

Working Note:

 

1. Calculation of cash received

 

Total sales

$12,00,000.00

Less: Opening Balance of Debtors

$1,80,000.00

Add: Closing Balance of Debtors

$1,20,000.00

$1260000

$12,60,000.00

2. Calculation of cash Paid to Suppliers:

 

Cost Of goods sold

$8,00,000.00

Less: Opening Stock

$2,80,000.00

Add: Closing Stock

$3,50,000.00

Total Purchase

$8,70,000.00

Add: Opening Balance of Creditors

$2,10,000.00

Less: Closing Balance of Creditors

$2,50,000.00

Total Cash Paid

$8,30,000.00

Add: Selling and Distribution Expenses

$2,50,000.00

 

$10,80,000.00

Sources of Funds – According to Cash Flow Statement
Sources of Funds represent how ABC Company has financed all its areas. It tells the sources of money from which ABC Company gets its money. According to the cash flow statement, the company has not taken finances from any external sources of finance. The company has not borrowed money during this year.
Uses of Funds – According to Cash Flow Statement
The finances collected by the company ABC during the year is used in different ways. ABC has used the finances in the following manner:
* Purchase of Equipment
* Creditors Payment
* Dividend Payment
* Tax Payment
All the above listed activities are major activities used in expenditures of ABC Company. It is difficult to determine finances from which source affects on which source. (Libby, 2011)
Improvement of Cash Flows
In order to improve the cash flows, ABC must determine the following steps:
1 Debt Factoring – It is one of the major options that help the organization to improve cash Flows.
2 Using innovative techniques like accepting credit cards, debit cards for payments will help in increasing sales and improvising flow of cash.
3 By proper management of receivables, the company will help to improve its cash flows. There are multiple methods that can help in improving the receivables like giving discounts on timely bill payment will encourage paying bills earlier.
4 Setting up a collection system will help in timely payments.
Manage Payables
ABC Company must take advantage of terms of payment as given by the supplier. Organizations use equity financing and debt financing to attain funds, for their activities. Debt and equity are two different sources of financing. Equity represents the internal source of finance whereas debt represents external or outer source of finance. Organizations use a proportion of both to attain funds and this proportion is a target ratio or capital structure ratio. This ratio varies from industry to industry and even from a company to company. Circumstances like economy, financing options govern the value of this ratio. Equity financing comes through issue of shares in the market like issue of initial public offerings or IPO. Debt Financing comes through many sources such as bonds, money market instruments, long-term bonds etc. (Tiffy, 2003)
In my opinion, the firm should opt for Debt Financing due to the following reasons:
* Debt is a comparatively cheaper source of financing, in comparison to equity. In the equity, there are costs associated with issuing of common stock like. Underwriter’s commission, registration charges, legal expenses, issuing prospectus, documentation etc.
* The company gets leverage from debt financing, which helps in increasing the earning per share. This EPS leads to increase in market value of the share, increasing the market capitalization.
If the expansion decision is not in favor of the organization, then the obligations of repayment of interest and principal amount become a burden to the company. The following are the advantages of equity financing:
1 Cash Flows are used only for investment purpose and is not used to pay back the investors.
2 Financing is available in a shorter amount of time as compared to other financing options.