Great Migration Economic Gains (Coursework Sample)

Great Migration Economic Gains
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Great Migration Economic Gains
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The article provides an effective assessment of the economic impact of African American migration from the south to the urban north, which occurred between 1910 and 1930. The authors begin by indicating that at the onset of World War I, the migration from the south is considered as one the most important internal migration resulting in economic development in the United States. To establish the economic gains, the authors utilized panel datasets in studying the labor market outcomes in the early decades of the great migration. From these estimates, the authors estimate the gain between 60 and 70 log points ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"koS8oRXu","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Collins & Wanamaker, 2014)","plainCitation":"(Collins & Wanamaker, 2014)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":8276,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qBtJ3Wwt/items/I7AUXSEE"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qBtJ3Wwt/items/I7AUXSEE"],"itemData":{"id":8276,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"American Economic Journal: Applied Economics","issue":"1","page":"220–52","source":"Google Scholar","title":"Selection and economic gains in the great migration of African Americans: new evidence from linked census data","title-short":"Selection and economic gains in the great migration of African Americans","volume":"6","author":[{"family":"Collins","given":"William J."},{"family":"Wanamaker","given":"Marianne H."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Collins & Wanamaker, 2014). More importantly, the African American migration between 1910 and 1930 is attributed to the rise of Civil Rights Movements, improving working opportunities in industries and giving rise to black ghettos.
As indicated in the article, the great migration raises an important economic question of interregional migration. By assessing migration history, African Americans were considered low-class citizens, concentrated in agricultural employments as servicemen and servants. Though northern employers were reluctant to employ black employees, they provided cheap labor and were perceived as strikebreakers. As such, the African Americans ensured continued production prior to World War I ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"RN4MhCDo","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Collins & Wanamaker, 2014)","plainCitation":"(Collins & Wanamaker, 2014)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":8276,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qBtJ3Wwt/items/I7AUXSEE"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qBtJ3Wwt/items/I7AUXSEE"],"itemData":{"id":8276,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"American Economic Journal: Applied Economics","issue":"1","page":"220–52","source":"Google Scholar","title":"Selection and economic gains in the great migration of African Americans: new evidence from linked census data","title-short":"Selection and economic gains in the great migration of African Americans","volume":"6","author":[{"family":"Collins","given":"William J."},{"family":"Wanamaker","given":"Marianne H."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Collins & Wanamaker, 2014). However, during World War I, there was an increased demand for the employees in gun production lines. As such, many northern employers turned to African American employees from the south. In the 1920s, policies to restrict European migration meant that employers relied on black labor. However, some of the factors that limited further migration included poverty, mob violence, illiteracy, affecting both north and south economic development.
In estimating the economic gains, the authors indicated that there were benefits of living in the north than in the south. For instance, the expected benefits included higher lifetime income, consumption, and amenities. These aspects led to much development of the north compared to the south, which also prompted African Americans' migration from these regions. While considering migration to the north, it is essential to consider that those residing in these regions had more formal education than south migrants. However, World War I drew migrants disproportionately regardless of skills, economic status, and education. From the article's study, the authors indicate that in 1910, migrants and nonimmigrants' status were the same, but by 1930, their lives had taken different paths ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"8XSmvINT","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Collins & Wanamaker, 2014)","plainCitation":"(Collins & Wanamaker, 2014)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":8276,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qBtJ3Wwt/items/I7AUXSEE"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qBtJ3Wwt/items/I7AUXSEE"],"itemData":{"id":8276,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"American Economic Journal: Applied Economics","issue":"1","page":"220–52","source":"Google Scholar","title":"Selection and economic gains in the great migration of African Americans: new evidence from linked census data","title-short":"Selection and economic gains in the great migration of African Americans","volume":"6","author":[{"family":"Collins","given":"William J."},{"family":"Wanamaker","given":"Marianne H."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Collins & Wanamaker, 2014). For instance, more than 50% of nonimmigrants were employed as farm laborers, while migrants were employed as operatives and unskilled laborers. As a result, the migrants moved to urban settings, resulting in high unemployment rates and reduced chances for owner-occupancy.
From the base results section, the authors indicate that the difference between migrants' and nonimmigrants' earnings was estimate