Question and Answer (Coursework Sample)

Student Instructors Course Date Why do human beings sleep? Several theories have tried to explain the reason why human beings sleep; adaptive theory of sleep suggests that organisms sleep to escape from predators at night (Bernstein 34). This only explains why people sleep during the night and not why we sleep at any time. Another theory proposes that sleep is important in the process of growth this is because the growth hormone is released by the pituitary gland during sleep (Comer & Elizabeth 76). It has also been observed that during sleep, some changes in the neuron activities take place in some areas of the brain during sleep; these areas include the reticular formation and the fore brain regions which are important for alertness and arousal. Sleep also helps in restoring used chemicals in the body and removing waste that accumulate during the day. What is a reinforcer? Discuss with respect to the role of the reinforcer in classical and instrumental conditioning. Reinforcer is any event that follows a response and increases its probability of occurring again. This means that reinforcement only works best if given only when after the desired response has occurred (Bernstein 67). There are positive reinforcers that strengthen a response if presented after the occurrence of a response and negative reinforcers which are the removal of unpleasant stimuli following a response. Compare human visual and auditory systems. What are their relative strength and weakness? Visual system involved in the process of taking a certain amount of stimuli and transferring it into some figure that can be perceived as ...