A Solar Heat Water System Design (Dissertation Sample)

Strategies For Providing a Centralized Hot Water System for Hotel Development Student's Name: Affiliated Institution: Course Code: Date: Abstract Different strategies are commonly used to supply hot water in centralized water heating systems. They include conventional central heating, pressure system central heating, and combination boiler systems. However, many recent studies have been carried out concerning centralized and decentralized hot water heating systems. There is a great need to compare them and identify the ideal ones which need to be installed in high-rise buildings. Hence, this made this research viable since it mainly focuses on exploring the benefits of centralized hot water systems in high-rise hotel buildings in Hong Kong over the decentralized systems while comparing different centralized hot water systems. To attain this, a systematic review or a secondary research approach was employed where past and recent peer-reviewed governmental and non-governmental materials and books were used. After conducting the systematic review, several results and findings were identified, indicating that the solar hot water system is the ideal heating system to be installed in Hong Kong high-rise hotel buildings. This is because it offers economic, social, and environmental benefits. Some social benefits included the alienation of poverty in many neighborhoods and the creation of employment. On the other hand, some economic benefits included lower maintenance and operational costs compared to electric instantaneous heaters. Environmental benefits include low carbon emissions to the environment, which protects the globe from global warming, and lower energy consumption. The study's findings aimed at benefiting high-rise hotel buildings that want to increase their ratings to 3 and 4 stars by increasing the brand image and embracing the green environment. Table of Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Abstract PAGEREF _Toc139557655 \h 21.0 Project Introduction PAGEREF _Toc139557656 \h 91.1 Research Objectives PAGEREF _Toc139557657 \h 91.2 Research Questions PAGEREF _Toc139557658 \h 101.3 Scope of Work PAGEREF _Toc139557659 \h 101.4 Project Organization PAGEREF _Toc139557660 \h 112.0 Literature Review PAGEREF _Toc139557661 \h 112.1 Comparison between Centralized Hot Water System and Decentralized System PAGEREF _Toc139557662 \h 112.2 Different Strategies of Centralized Hot Water Systems PAGEREF _Toc139557663 \h 132.2.1 Conventional Heating Systems PAGEREF _Toc139557664 \h 142.2.2 Combination Boiler Systems PAGEREF _Toc139557665 \h 142.2.3 Pressurized Central Heating Systems PAGEREF _Toc139557666 \h 162.2.4 Heat pump water heaters PAGEREF _Toc139557667 \h 162.2.5 Solar Water Heater Systems PAGEREF _Toc139557668 \h 182.3 The Energy-Saving Aspect of Solar Hot Water System PAGEREF _Toc139557669 \h 232.4 Theoretical Analysis of Solar Hot Water Systems PAGEREF _Toc139557670 \h 262.4.1 Design PAGEREF _Toc139557671 \h 272.4.2 Working Principle of a Solar Heat System PAGEREF _Toc139557672 \h 282.4.3 The Principle of Solar Thermodynamics PAGEREF _Toc139557673 \h 293.0 Methodology PAGEREF _Toc139557674 \h 323.1 Research Methods PAGEREF _Toc139557675 \h 323.1.1 Online Data PAGEREF _Toc139557676 \h 323.1.2 Data from Government and Non-government Archives PAGEREF _Toc139557677 \h 323.2 Mathematical Analysis of Solar Water Heating Technique PAGEREF _Toc139557678 \h 333.2.1 Energy Balance of Solar Collector PAGEREF _Toc139557679 \h 333.2.2 The Impact of Heat Exchangers PAGEREF _Toc139557680 \h 373.2.3 Energy Balance of Water Storage PAGEREF _Toc139557681 \h 393.3 The Installation of the Solar Water Heater System PAGEREF _Toc139557682 \h 403.3.1 Mounting the Solar Collectors PAGEREF _Toc139557683 \h 41Codes Guiding Mounting of Solar Collectors PAGEREF _Toc139557684 \h 423.3.2 Installing the Storage Tanks and Heat Exchanger PAGEREF _Toc139557685 \h 433.4 Installing the Piping System for the Anti-freezing Fluid PAGEREF _Toc139557686 \h 443.5 Installing Water Transport Pipes PAGEREF _Toc139557687 \h 453.5.1 Codes and Standards PAGEREF _Toc139557688 \h 463.6 Installing Control Systems PAGEREF _Toc139557689 \h 473.7 Insulating the System PAGEREF _Toc139557690 \h 474.0 Results and Findings PAGEREF _Toc139557691 \h 484.1 Solar Hot Water Systems Offer Great Social Benefits PAGEREF _Toc139557692 \h 484.1.1 Alienation of Poverty PAGEREF _Toc139557693 \h 484.1.2 Job Creation PAGEREF _Toc139557694 \h 494.2 Solar Hot Water Systems Offer Great Economic Benefits PAGEREF _Toc139557695 \h 504.3 Solar Hot Water Systems Leads to Significant Environmental Impacts PAGEREF _Toc139557696 \h 534.4 Solar Hot Water System has a High Energy Saving Capability that Electric Heaters PAGEREF _Toc139557697 \h 555.0 Conclusion and Recommendations PAGEREF _Toc139557698 \h 575.1 Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc139557699 \h 575.2 Recommendations PAGEREF _Toc139557700 \h 575.2.1 Closed-loop heat exchanger systems are protected against the extreme effects of cold weather PAGEREF _Toc139557701 \h 585.2.2 Ideal heater performance, capacity and frequency of use, and operating costs PAGEREF _Toc139557702 \h 585.2.3 Ideal recovery rate PAGEREF _Toc139557703 \h 606.0 References PAGEREF _Toc139557704 \h 61 Table of Figures TOC \h \z \c "Figure" Figure 1 Showing Parts of a Solar Water Heating System PAGEREF _Toc139558673 \h 18 Figure 2 Showing economic comparison of different solar collectors PAGEREF _Toc139558674 \h 19 Figure 3 Showing the comparison of various categories of auxiliary heat sources PAGEREF _Toc139558675 \h 20 Figure 4 Showing Thermal Stratification in a Solar Water Heating Storage Tank PAGEREF _Toc139558676 \h 22 Figure 5 Showing a schematic representation of a solar water heating system PAGEREF _Toc139558677 \h 29 Figure 6 Showing a schematic representation of a solar water heating system PAGEREF _Toc139558678 \h 33 Figure 7 Shows the energy balance between a design parameter and the heat exchanger PAGEREF _Toc139558679 \h 38 Figure 8 Showing the rooftop of the high-rise hotel building PAGEREF _Toc139558680 \h 41 Figure 9 Showing the angle that the solar collector is mounted PAGEREF _Toc139558681 \h 42 Figure 10 Showing vertical storage tanks to be used in the high-rise hotel building PAGEREF _Toc139558682 \h 43 Figure 11 Showing Standard pipe selection that are needed for plumbing for the solar collectors PAGEREF _Toc139558683 \h 45 Figure 12 Showing various materials and their suitability and non-suitability in plumbing work PAGEREF _Toc139558684 \h 46 Figure 13 Showing economic analysis of a solar energy heater over a gas or an electric water heater PAGEREF _Toc139558685 \h 52 Figure 14 Showing CO2 unit emissions generated by diverse energy sources PAGEREF _Toc139558686 \h 54 1.0 Project Introduction Studies show that there are different strategies commonly used to supply hot water in centralized water heating systems. They include conventional central heating, pressure system central heating, and combination boiler systems. A combination boiler system works by heating water at the source (Cao et al., 2016). Similar to a combi boiler, water is heated directly in a pressurized central heating system instead of storing hot water in a hot water tank (Chen et al., 2018). On the other hand, in conventional central heating, the cold water is disconnected from the central heater and controlled by the central pressure. The hot water is to be used out of the taps, and for heating, a hot water tank is usually installed at a high point in the building, such as a cupboard or loft on the highest floor. These centralized heat water heating systems have been used in domestic and commercial houses over the past years. However, their dominance in many countries has been declining. This is due to the rise of other centralized systems that most individuals consider effective and renewable such as solar heating systems. Therefore, this creates a need for research to analyze a solar heating system's effectiveness compared to these other centralized and decentralized heating water systems. 1.1 Research Objectives The main objective of this study was to explore the benefits of centralized hot water systems in high-rise hotel buildings in Hong Kong over decentralized systems. The specific objectives were: * To examine and compare different strategies of a centralized hot water system to establish the best option that is ideal for a high-rise hotel building in Hong Kong. * To justify the energy-saving aspect of the Solar Hot Water System and why it is the ideal Centralized hot water design in Hong Kong with respect to the region's climatic conditions. * To determine the suitability and viability of Solar Hot Water systems compared to heat pumps, boilers, and pressurized central hot water systems 1.2 Research Questions * What are the social, economic, and environmental benefits and impacts of Solar Water Heater systems in hotel buildings in Hong Kong? * How is the solar water heater better than other water heating systems such as Pressurized Central Heating Systems, heat pump water heaters, and combination boiler systems? * What are the design, installation strategies, and critical components of solar water heaters make the system a suitable and most effective water heating option in high-rise hotel buildings in Hong Kong? 1.3 Scope of Work This project's scope covers a solar water heating system design for high-rise hotel buildings in Hong Kong. The solar hot water system was considered in Hong Kong because the country receives sunshine for more than half its days annually. Therefore, this makes it suitable to consider such projects since they are easily sustainable. The project targets high-rise hotel buildings that consist of more than 18 storeys. Most buildings have several amenities, including restaurants, coffee shops, a bakery, a clubhouse area, a shopping mall, and hotel guest accommodation units. Exploring research data shows that installi...