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Harvard
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Technology
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Editing
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English (U.S.)
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Topic:
Renewable Energy (Editing Sample)
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THE TASK WAS TO OFFER PROOFREADING AND EDITING SERVICES. THIS PAPER ENTAILED Renewable Energy IN Iceland.
source..Content:
Renewable Energy
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Back ground information about Iceland
Being a northern country in terms of location, it is obvious that Iceland faces mild climate than what most of us would anticipate, more so in the southern coast regions which are extremely impacted by the warm waters within the Atlantic Gulf Streams. The weather in Iceland is highly unpredictable and is often influenced by the alleged ‘Iceland-lows’, which is the atmospheric depressions crossing the northern Atlantic, going by the description provided by Official Gateway to Iceland (2011). The southward depression way brings forth both cold and dry weather, more so in the southern regions, whereas the northern passage between Iceland and Greenland brings forth fairly mild and dry weather, more so in the northern region (districts). Essentialy, the weather in iceland is very mild plus coastal, emanating from the Gulf Stream, with its weather being highly influenced by the East Greenland’s polar current that curves arond the north and east coasts.
According to The Official Gateway to Iceland (2011), on average, the summer temperature of Reykjavik is about 10.6 degrees Celsius within the middle of the year, particularly in July, yet 0 (zero) degree Celsius within the winter season. Equally stipulated, the climate of Iceland is highly variable and frequently changes instantaneously (Official Gateway to Iceland, 2011). In addition to that, natural resources are richly found, which signifies both flourishing and traditional segments of its financial systems. Equally enough, its environmental preservation is greatly prioritized, plus the nation enormously relies on natural resources for sustainable economy.
Among the range of Iceland’s natural resources, is the renewable energy, provided the state entails broadly-ranged hydroelectric and geothermal energy resources. One unique factor about Iceland’s power in Europe is that a wide range of its generation of electrical energy comes from sustainable natural resources, characterized by carbon emission-free. Another notable natural resource in Iceland is water, which is stipulated as abundant and totally pure. From a geographical perspective, Iceland is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, situated close to the Arctic Circle, between Greenland and Norway. Approximately, the country is about 103,001 km2 in size; making it almost equal in size with Hungary and Portugal. Essentially, Iceland has the second biggest Island in Europe, right after Great Britain’s island, plus being positioned as the 18th largest island internationally.
Having an approximate coastline of 5000 km, this country upholds a 322km economic zone. Furthermore, Iceland is termed as the youngest island globally and equally host to a range of highly active volcanoes globally. With reference to Official Gateway to Iceland (2011), the subsistence of Iceland is obliged to a huge Mid-Atlantic Ridge volcanic crack, where the Eurasian, as well as the American tectonic plates equally converge. To date, research has provided that Iceland enlarges by close to 5cm annually while it splits wider at the point of converging of the Eurasian and American tectonic plates (GrÃmsvötn, 2011). According to GrÃmsvötn (2011) and Eyjafjallajökull (2010), the country has recently witnessed a huge eruption of volcano.
Renewable Energy Resources
In the energy industry, the principal sources of energy that Iceland relies on are geothermal energy and hydro power, and the nation is presently identified as the globe’s leader in effectively utilizing renewable sources of energy. While several cities are currently lagging with elevating energy costs in addition to pollution issues due to overreliance sources of energy such as oil and coal, close to 90% of Icelandic residence are warmed with geothermal power.
Geothermal Energy
Being the forerunner in using geothermal energy to heat the pace, electrical power generation using geothermal energy has equally been on the rise, and rapidly. As stipulated by the National Energy Authority of Iceland (2010), geothermal power amenities are currently deriving 25% of total electricity produced in Iceland. With reference to National Energy Authority of Iceland (2010), by 20th century, Iceland had significantly flourished from a poor state in Europe that solely relied on imported peat and coal for its energy sustenance, to a country entailing high standards of livelihood in which power is generated from renewable sources.
According to the National Energy Authority of Iceland, to date 99% of electrical power in this country is sourced from renewable sources, while 30% generates from geothermal sources. When considering production of electricity, transportation and heating all in general, geothermal power facilitates up to 50% of the entire central energy utilised in Iceland. As a result of a rapid flourishing Iceland’s energy sector, National Energy Authority of Iceland (2010) stipulates that demand for electricity has considerably elevated. By 2013, the power generation of instituted geothermal power plants summed to 665 Megawatts whereas the total generated electricity was 4,600 Gigawatt Hour, hence geothermal power being equivalent to 24.5% of the total energy production in Iceland (National Energy Authority of Iceland, 2010).
Hydrogen power
Recent studies have provided hydrogen as an alternative energy source for gasoline personal and passenger motor vehicles, which may be engaged in fuel cells for fuelling electric motors (Woodard, 2009). Undoubtedly, hydrogen as a fuel is very eco-friendly, which upon engagement can minimize the reliance of people on imported oil; though, a range of substantial challenges need be resolved before its widespread utilisation. Back in 1998, the government of Iceland declared its intentions to engage hydrogen as a substitute for the fossil fuels. In collaboration with Norsk Hydro, Daimler AG, Shell, in addition to local utilities and research institutions, the New Energy of Iceland was sourced and tasked with enabling the plan viable (Woodard, 2009). Subsequently, in 2003, a hydrogen shell station was initiated with the intent of providing services to hydrogen power requisites of 3 investigational buses that were hydrogen fuelled (fuel-cell) and driven, of which carried out in the streets of Reykjavik for a duration of 3 years (36 months) without significant incident. Subsequently, hydrogen-powered vehicles were initiated towards the end of 2007, while this same technology was equally initiated to a passenger vessel in 2009. For significant years, Iceland has employed water in the production of hydrogen through the process of electrolysis, while prior its inception in the transportation industry as an alternative fuel, the generated hydrogen was engaged employed in fertilizers. With reference to ClimateWire (2009), if Iceland is to attain its requisite in powering fishing fleet as well as the entire transportation , there is the vital need and urgency to produce an annual range of between 80,000 and 90,000 tons of hydrogen, and as a result, can aid in minimizing the greenhouse gas emissions by close to 65%.
According to ClimateWire (2009), for Iceland to power its entire transportation as well as fishing fleet, the need between 80,000 and 90,000 tons of hydrogen annually, and this in result can aid in the reduction of Iceland’s greenhouse gas emissions by close to 65%. Since the inception of hydrogen-driven power vehicles, above 16 passenger vehicles have been effectively powered by hydrogen and operated efficiently, and up to now 12 of these vehicles very functional and operational
Solar Power
Essentially, solar energy is achieved through collection of sunlight rays and conversion of these solar rays into electrical energy. This achievement is made possible through engagement of solar panels, however it was initially employed in the remote regions, but currently solar energy has equally become very popular and widely used in the urban areas as well. The fact that solar power does not emit any greenhouse gases which pollute the environment makes this energy considered as a renewable and eco-friendly energy. In addition, solar energy is cheap and has aided a significant number of countries such as China and Germany embrace cleaner, reliable and inexpensive sources of power. Typically, majority of solar systems are fo...
by (Name)
Course
Tutor
University
Location of University
Date
Back ground information about Iceland
Being a northern country in terms of location, it is obvious that Iceland faces mild climate than what most of us would anticipate, more so in the southern coast regions which are extremely impacted by the warm waters within the Atlantic Gulf Streams. The weather in Iceland is highly unpredictable and is often influenced by the alleged ‘Iceland-lows’, which is the atmospheric depressions crossing the northern Atlantic, going by the description provided by Official Gateway to Iceland (2011). The southward depression way brings forth both cold and dry weather, more so in the southern regions, whereas the northern passage between Iceland and Greenland brings forth fairly mild and dry weather, more so in the northern region (districts). Essentialy, the weather in iceland is very mild plus coastal, emanating from the Gulf Stream, with its weather being highly influenced by the East Greenland’s polar current that curves arond the north and east coasts.
According to The Official Gateway to Iceland (2011), on average, the summer temperature of Reykjavik is about 10.6 degrees Celsius within the middle of the year, particularly in July, yet 0 (zero) degree Celsius within the winter season. Equally stipulated, the climate of Iceland is highly variable and frequently changes instantaneously (Official Gateway to Iceland, 2011). In addition to that, natural resources are richly found, which signifies both flourishing and traditional segments of its financial systems. Equally enough, its environmental preservation is greatly prioritized, plus the nation enormously relies on natural resources for sustainable economy.
Among the range of Iceland’s natural resources, is the renewable energy, provided the state entails broadly-ranged hydroelectric and geothermal energy resources. One unique factor about Iceland’s power in Europe is that a wide range of its generation of electrical energy comes from sustainable natural resources, characterized by carbon emission-free. Another notable natural resource in Iceland is water, which is stipulated as abundant and totally pure. From a geographical perspective, Iceland is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, situated close to the Arctic Circle, between Greenland and Norway. Approximately, the country is about 103,001 km2 in size; making it almost equal in size with Hungary and Portugal. Essentially, Iceland has the second biggest Island in Europe, right after Great Britain’s island, plus being positioned as the 18th largest island internationally.
Having an approximate coastline of 5000 km, this country upholds a 322km economic zone. Furthermore, Iceland is termed as the youngest island globally and equally host to a range of highly active volcanoes globally. With reference to Official Gateway to Iceland (2011), the subsistence of Iceland is obliged to a huge Mid-Atlantic Ridge volcanic crack, where the Eurasian, as well as the American tectonic plates equally converge. To date, research has provided that Iceland enlarges by close to 5cm annually while it splits wider at the point of converging of the Eurasian and American tectonic plates (GrÃmsvötn, 2011). According to GrÃmsvötn (2011) and Eyjafjallajökull (2010), the country has recently witnessed a huge eruption of volcano.
Renewable Energy Resources
In the energy industry, the principal sources of energy that Iceland relies on are geothermal energy and hydro power, and the nation is presently identified as the globe’s leader in effectively utilizing renewable sources of energy. While several cities are currently lagging with elevating energy costs in addition to pollution issues due to overreliance sources of energy such as oil and coal, close to 90% of Icelandic residence are warmed with geothermal power.
Geothermal Energy
Being the forerunner in using geothermal energy to heat the pace, electrical power generation using geothermal energy has equally been on the rise, and rapidly. As stipulated by the National Energy Authority of Iceland (2010), geothermal power amenities are currently deriving 25% of total electricity produced in Iceland. With reference to National Energy Authority of Iceland (2010), by 20th century, Iceland had significantly flourished from a poor state in Europe that solely relied on imported peat and coal for its energy sustenance, to a country entailing high standards of livelihood in which power is generated from renewable sources.
According to the National Energy Authority of Iceland, to date 99% of electrical power in this country is sourced from renewable sources, while 30% generates from geothermal sources. When considering production of electricity, transportation and heating all in general, geothermal power facilitates up to 50% of the entire central energy utilised in Iceland. As a result of a rapid flourishing Iceland’s energy sector, National Energy Authority of Iceland (2010) stipulates that demand for electricity has considerably elevated. By 2013, the power generation of instituted geothermal power plants summed to 665 Megawatts whereas the total generated electricity was 4,600 Gigawatt Hour, hence geothermal power being equivalent to 24.5% of the total energy production in Iceland (National Energy Authority of Iceland, 2010).
Hydrogen power
Recent studies have provided hydrogen as an alternative energy source for gasoline personal and passenger motor vehicles, which may be engaged in fuel cells for fuelling electric motors (Woodard, 2009). Undoubtedly, hydrogen as a fuel is very eco-friendly, which upon engagement can minimize the reliance of people on imported oil; though, a range of substantial challenges need be resolved before its widespread utilisation. Back in 1998, the government of Iceland declared its intentions to engage hydrogen as a substitute for the fossil fuels. In collaboration with Norsk Hydro, Daimler AG, Shell, in addition to local utilities and research institutions, the New Energy of Iceland was sourced and tasked with enabling the plan viable (Woodard, 2009). Subsequently, in 2003, a hydrogen shell station was initiated with the intent of providing services to hydrogen power requisites of 3 investigational buses that were hydrogen fuelled (fuel-cell) and driven, of which carried out in the streets of Reykjavik for a duration of 3 years (36 months) without significant incident. Subsequently, hydrogen-powered vehicles were initiated towards the end of 2007, while this same technology was equally initiated to a passenger vessel in 2009. For significant years, Iceland has employed water in the production of hydrogen through the process of electrolysis, while prior its inception in the transportation industry as an alternative fuel, the generated hydrogen was engaged employed in fertilizers. With reference to ClimateWire (2009), if Iceland is to attain its requisite in powering fishing fleet as well as the entire transportation , there is the vital need and urgency to produce an annual range of between 80,000 and 90,000 tons of hydrogen, and as a result, can aid in minimizing the greenhouse gas emissions by close to 65%.
According to ClimateWire (2009), for Iceland to power its entire transportation as well as fishing fleet, the need between 80,000 and 90,000 tons of hydrogen annually, and this in result can aid in the reduction of Iceland’s greenhouse gas emissions by close to 65%. Since the inception of hydrogen-driven power vehicles, above 16 passenger vehicles have been effectively powered by hydrogen and operated efficiently, and up to now 12 of these vehicles very functional and operational
Solar Power
Essentially, solar energy is achieved through collection of sunlight rays and conversion of these solar rays into electrical energy. This achievement is made possible through engagement of solar panels, however it was initially employed in the remote regions, but currently solar energy has equally become very popular and widely used in the urban areas as well. The fact that solar power does not emit any greenhouse gases which pollute the environment makes this energy considered as a renewable and eco-friendly energy. In addition, solar energy is cheap and has aided a significant number of countries such as China and Germany embrace cleaner, reliable and inexpensive sources of power. Typically, majority of solar systems are fo...
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