Descriptive Summary (Essay Sample)

Literature
Name of author
Institution
Date of submission
Literature
Question one
The author evaluates the various facets of paradigms and their relevance in the society. He makes various claims about the comparative features of paradigms. Most of the claims are about the current and the older scientific developments. The author argues that there is a connection between political revolutions and scientific revolutions. He outlines that those political revolutions are championed by only a section of the political body. Mostly the causes are due to the inability of the government to correct problems they created in the society. Similarly, scientific revolutions are due to faults identified by a section of the scientific community in previous research work. The argument makes sense because most of the scientific research currently focuses on improvement of previous research work. A researcher evaluates the propositions of a previous research and assesses its relevance in solving the current problems.
The author also strives to reveal the comparison between paradigm change and scientific revolutions. He claims both aspects share common characteristics. It is true that acceptance of the paradigms depends on the persuasion of the proposer. The notion expects that each party to support and defend their idea against others. The parties involved depending on the weight and degree of persuasion can then buy the best idea. It is apparent that there is no reliable and efficient standard evaluation of the quality except the ascent of the community.
It is a popular practice to hold that the present development of knowledge must develop from a previous idea. The author evaluates the effectiveness of the assertion. He says the assertion is not true parse exceptions exist.
Question 2
The author seeks to accomplish some objectives in the text. First, the author seeks to define scientific revolutions and their contribution to developments in science. It is clear from the text that scientific revolutions are exchanges of ideas, whereby older approaches of knowledge are replaced wholly or partly by newer insights about the same topic. Moreover, the text illustrates the main aim of the scientific revolutions. The author claims most of the scientific revolutions are based on previously developed concepts. That the current researchers critically analyze the assertions of the past approaches and identify loopholes. They then convince the responsible communities in respect to their propositions for acceptability.
Furthermore, the author alludes to the relationship between political and scientific revolutions. He notes the similarity of the scientific revolutions to political revolutions. Arguably, the similarities are very similar. Besides, he claims that most of the political decisions during the revolution are meant to change components of the existing structures. That their success is a fulfillment means repealing of such policies. Similarly, the same applies to scientific revolutions. People deviate from older thinking ways to newer and better methods.
The text has an objective to reveal the existing identity between paradigm changes and scientific evolution. He demonstrates that most of the scientific revolutions are based on the competitive defense of ideas. He compares the process to a political community in which competing paradigms are chosen based on the opinions of the participants. He claims persuasion ability ensures that an idea progresses to the next stage. Hence, the process for considering a paradigm to be a scientific revolution gets outlined. Finally, the author finds reasons why there should be the abolishment of older scientific theories and ideas. He points out that few scientific cases are disputing the original theorems. He emphasizes on the logicality of the scientific knowledge.
Question three
The selection of the content by the author is crucial in illuminating aspects of the society. To begin with, the author relates to the relationship between humans and the world. He relates the current development in the world to problems in nature. Nature provides vast opportunities to man. Exploitation is at the discretion of man to improve the providence of nature. The selection is very significant g...