Intelligence, Multiple Intelligence and Is IQ a True Measure of Intellectual Ability (Essay Sample)

Intelligence, Multiple Intelligence and Is IQ a True Measure of Intellectual Ability
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Annotated bibliography
Szymanowicz, A. & Furnham, A. (2013). Gender and Gender Role Differences in Self- and Other-Estimates of Multiple Intelligences. The Journal Of Social Psychology, 153(4), 399-423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2012.754397
There is a lot of speculation regarding the effect of gender on multiple bits of intelligence and personality traits. In a bid to access more conclusive answers; this article examined how gender affects role differences, as well as multiple intelligence. The text is a research study that aims at determining how each gender stipulates one’s intelligence. A total of 261 British participants completed a total of four questionnaires. The findings of the study indicate that males possessed a higher mathematical IQ compared to females. The study also revealed that gender dictates most of the cognitive roles compared to personal abilities. Overall, the study showed that male participants had higher IQ estimates compared to the male respondents. One limitation of the survey is that it only included British members, hence denying the study the all-inclusive aspect of racial diversity. All in all, the study proved that gender has a lot to do with the existence of multiple intelligences. Therefore, it is true to say that gender is a determinant of multiple intelligences.
Loehlin, J., Bartels, M., Boomsma, D., Bratko, D., Martin, N., Nichols, R., & Wright, M. (2015). Is There a Genetic Correlation Between General Factors of Intelligence and Personality?. Twin Research And Human Genetics, 18(03), 234-242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2015.28
The question of whether genes influence personality or intelligence is one that continues to dominate scientific discussions. This article is one step closer to determining the correlation between genetic composition and personality and intelligence. The study included twin samples from the United States, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Australia, and Croatia, which totaled up to 1329 same-sex dizygotic and 1748 monozygotic twin pairs. The findings of the study revealed that the correlation between personality and intelligence and genetics was zero. Therefore, the study confirmed that a person’s genetic makeup does not determine their intelligence levels or their character. Despite the insightful discoveries made in this research, the study only involved twins, hence incapable of providing a reference to individuals born without twins. Therefore, what the study’s results mean is that personality and intelligence cannot be inherited. The absence of a correlation makes it impossible to transfer traits from a parent to an offspring. All in all, the study contradicts most scientific articles and reviews that claim the existence of a correlation between genetics and personality traits and intellectual ability.
Firkowska-Mankiewicz, A. (2011). Adult Careers: Does Childhood IQ Predict Later Life Outcome?. Journal Of Policy And Practice In Intellectual Disabilities, 8(1), 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-1130.2011.00281.x
Many times, parents wonder whether their children’s IQ levels could determine their future lives. This article confirms that children with high IQ levels tend to have a better chance in life. Actually, the study ascertains that people who prosper in adult life possessed high IQ levels as children. Therefore, it means that children exposed to well organized educational tend to work hard and enter some of the most lucrative professions, which in turn contribute to their success in life. As a matter of fact, the study confirms that an adult’s personality traits and intelligence are predefined in their childhood. So, parents can discover their children’s intellectual disability way earlier before the child grows into an adult, offering ample time for specialized learning. Nonetheless, it is critical to note that the IQ of a child is only an indicator of good outcomes in the future and not a confirmation. So, there is a possibility that one could have a low IQ as a child and manage to thrive in the future.
Pietschnig, J., Voracek, M., & Formann, A. (2010). Pervasiveness of the IQ Rise: A Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis. Plos ONE, 5(12), e14406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014406
Generational gains of intelligence are an interesting topic that attracts the critic and contribution of many scientists. Also known as the Flynn effect, the gains tend to differ from one country to another. This study aims at determining the different gains present in different populations. The study focused on German-speaking countries, in an attempt to assess the progression of the population’s IQ gains for crystallized intelligence. The study revealed that the measure of crystallized IQ gains vary in Central Europe, particularly that of fluid intelligence. So, the experiment confirmed the existence of a generalizing Flynn and pervasive effect in countries that speak German.
Baxendale, S. (2011). IQ and Ability Across the Adult Life Span. Applied Neuropsychology, 18(3), 164-167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09084282.2011.595442
The experience of cognitive deterioration, as one become older, is a basis for concern for many people.This article intends to show the effects of aging on intellectual ability. With the help of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV), the study reveals that intelligence levels are not in any way pegged to age. The averages from the WAIS-IV manual enabled the plotting of age-related change in Full-scale IQ and linked to many adults across the sphere while holding a constant ability level across various age groups. The findings of the study confirm that intellectual ability is independent and does not change with age. As a matter of fact, most communities believe that people become wise with an increase in age. This study is an assurance for the aging population that fears to lose their intellectual ability that aging does not lower IQ levels.
Holme, A., MacArthur, C., & Lancashire, R. (2010). The effects of breastfeeding on cognitive and neurological development of children at 9 years. Child: Care, Health And Development, 36(4), 583-590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2009.01068.x
Many doctors encourage mothers to breastfeed for six months, exclusively. Several people believe that breastfeeding increases the IQ levels of a child. Therefore, going by the assumption, the longer a child breastfeeds, the more intelligent they become. This article aims at either confirming or denying the ideology that forces most mothers to dedicate most of the prenatal care to breastfeeding. The research which includes 1218 participants, children, revealed that breastfeeding did not alter IQ levels, particularly in neurological soft signs of children aged nine years. However, the study discovered that breastfeeding only determined socioeconomic and maternal characteristics. So, only factors such as maternal education, housing, maternal age, childhood illness and equality had a correlation with childhood IQ levels.
Missett, T. (2013). Exploring the Relationship Between Mood Disorders and Gifted Individuals. Roeper Review, 35(1), 47-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02783193.2013.740602
Mad genius theory explains the existence of a connection between mood disorders and creative or intellectual giftedness. The theory states that people who are creative tend to have a high risk of suffering from mood disorders. In other words, the theory says that most creative geniuses tend to do things contrary to rational human beings. This text explores the origin of the theory’s development and highlights the problems that emerge when assessing it, due to the inability to measure and define the relevant terms. Also, the article seeks to determine whether there is a correlation between intellectual ability and mood swings, a fact that could confirm the argument of the mad genius theory. The report confirms that there is a substantial relationship between creativity and some mood disor...