The history of Atatuk (Essay Sample)

From The Sultan To Ataturk
Student’s Name :
University Affiliation
The ascending to power of Ataturk was the one that led to the birth of the present Turkish state .The beginning of the First World War, signaled the death of a number of empires, the Ottoman Empire included. This is because the war brought about the disintegration of different groups and ethnic communities which were previously together and united. This force of integration, affected the Empires at the same time and period. However, the leaders who were wise and intelligent enough at that time, managed to derail the disintegration and the eventual death of their states. These rulers included, emperor Franz Josef 11 of Australia –Hungary and the Ottoman Sultan Abdul amid 11. The process of the collapse and death of these empires was hastened by leaders like Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany and Envers Pusha.Enver’s decision to join the war and fight on the side of Germany. This gross misjudgment brought about the eventual destruction and death of the Ottoman state. It may be argued that, the state was doomed to be destroyed, however, he contributed to his own destruction for making decisions that were not prudent and foresighted enough. The Sultan by the name Mehmet VI Vandettin had great plans, thoughts and desires to save the Ottoman state from destruction. Unluckily, Vandettin, together with his ministers’ efforts, were fruitless because already the Victorious allies had made a decision on how to partition the Ottoman state and rule it effectively. Lloyd George, who was the heir to the Turcophobe, was a staunch supporter of the partitioning of the Ottoman state. He fell under the spell of the Greek irredentist Venizelos. Having these two people at the helm of power, the Allies made a deliberate decision that the Sultan’s state, should be parttioned.When the Sultan a made a decision and sent his representatives to the Paris Peace Conference, they were unable to win a reprieve. The Ottoman independence came to an end, when the treaty of Servres was signed. The government of the sultan also signed it though, it was not ratified. The Turkish who were nationalists, together with their military officers leading, decided to defy the allies and in the process, broke the ranks and each began trying to win concession for himself at the expense of the others. This led to the emergence of Mustafa Kemal, who became the leader of the of the military résistance. The diplomacy that Mustafa engaged, gave him the authority to isolate his enemies-the Greeks and the Armenians irredentists. After doing the use of diplomacy, he managed to subdue by using weapons. The defeat of the Ottoman Empire in the First World War was promptly followed with the victory of the Turkish. In the two separate wars that took place, there was a brief military campaign against the Armenians and a long protracted one against the Greeks’ Lausanne’ where the general by the name Ismet, successfully managed to secure peace through the terms of Turkey. This is what led to the founding charter of the modern state called Turkey. It was also a demonstration that the empire would not rule the people against their will. The people had to support the government in power and embrace it, for it to rule successfully, otherwise it would face so many challenges and it may not survive. It was therefore, imperative for the leaders to know that without the support of the people they rule, things would be disastrous as far as leadership is concerned. Mustafa Kemal, also managed to show that the developing and the developed nations may be different on a number of issues like the different economic status of the people in the respective groups of countries but, he demonstrated clearly that the interests of the people in both nations are compatible and things need to be looked at from that angle. His decision to fight the West was motivated by the desire to be like it. Although, Mustafa’s domestic critics had the desire to see him continue to defy the West, his opinion was different. He thought that it would be very beneficial for him to continue cooperating with the West and that meant that he would fare well together with his people. Ataturk gave a vivid description of the torturous journey that led to the rise and the establishment of the Turkish republic from the ruins of the Ottoman Empire. This was after a fiercely fought war in which a lot of people lost their lives, and a lot of property was destroyed. The disintegration of the people that were previously together also occurred. This disintegration led to migrations, where different groups and ethnic communities moved to other places where they felt comfortable to settle in. This clearly shows how the modern state of Turkey came about. When the empire was on the verge of collapse, different leaders displayed different interests openly and they included; political interests where different groups wanted power; economic interests, where people wanted to benefit financially at the expense of others. Individuals also incurred losses due to the destruction of property as the war was going on. The economic status of some people changed due to the wars. The Ottoman Empire that was referred to as the `Sick Man of Europe’ finally faced its total collapse in 1918 with the Mudras Armistice. This happened under the conditions and terms of Armistice. The rule of this land which previously belonged to the Empire was solely placed on the hands of the British and their allies. They were therefore responsible for its total administration and all the decision making processes, and the making of all the laws governing the Empire. It was expected that the different enclaves that were controlled by the allied states, would definitely defeat the Empire that was still struggling to survive and they expected their defeat was going to be a smooth one without any resistance. During the time of Armistice, the former colonies that belonged to the Ottoman in Mesopotamia,Syria,Palestine and the other Arab provinces, had already been occupied and taken over by the allied forces. Finally, they separated completely from the empire, and this was highly expected. Very little was left of the former Ottoman Empire because of the disintegration and the eventual takeover of some of the areas they were ruling by the allied forces. The remaining parts were limited to those areas of Anatolia and EasternThrace.Many people thought that immediately after the fall of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the first world war, a regional system which was to be managed and controlled by the British empire would be established. This Regional system would comprise of the enlarged Greek states and extend to the western Anatolia, which was a Kurdish region that was independent to the east. It was also made up of the independent states of Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan in the north eastern. There was very minimal ...