Economics of today (Essay Sample)

Economists view on development.
Introduction
Economic anthropology is a sub-discipline in socio-cultural anthropology that examines economic phenomena in a comparative perspective. That is, studying economies of different societies. Each community has its own economic system which involves making, distribution trade and consumption all geared towards developing their community. Both anthropologists and economists analyze the determinants of resource allocation and product placement. Economists pursue their studies in relation to different communities from those in which Anthropologists pursue theirs. The case is that it is the exact difference between that puts the study of the same topics within the purview of the anthropologists to the other. Economists deal in generalizations whereas anthropologists concern in certain cases according to Epstein (1962)
The monetary site is divided into two aspects: the forces and relations of production. The forces of production are labor force, tools and techniques of production. The relations of production control access to resources and the distribution of the product. By analyzing these structures, one can account for the economic behavior. How people organize production, how they think about it, and how they do performance results are irrelevant to this analysis. Behavior given by this structure, people’s ideas about making may provide some insight to the ideological superstructure, but they have little effect on production.
Discussion
Both anthropologists and economists have different views about economic behavior and development. Economists argue that anthropologists do not know what they are doing in economics because most of them do not know what economics is all about, (Robbins Burling 1962). Anthropologists’ review of economics is more specific unlike for economists which is generalized. Anthropologists go to the scene, observe minutely, and collect their threads of suggestions from what they observe from a community.
Economists have no equivalent to fieldwork because they are not concerned with social group or physical behavior, but rather with the behavior of the prices, income determinants among others. With this approach, the analysis of economic behavior and development is unusual among anthropologists and economists.
Anthropologists traditionally read ancient, nonindustrial and peasants while economists concentrate on the industrial nations and mainly on the capitalistic or free enterprise system. Economy is the means of production, distribution and consumption of material resources, economic analysis of such systems, and comparative economics is the study of such systems in different societies. Anthropologists are interested in culturally conditioned motivations of production, traditional systems of belief and values that orient character development and need individuals to behave in different ways.
Economist’s subject matter is economizing i.e allocation of scarce resources or resources to another ends or uses. Classical economic theory assumes that human wants are unlimited, and resources are always limited, individuals have to make choices. Western economists have concentrated on capitalist systems and have tended to believe that when confronted with alternative ends, individuals always choose the one which maximize profits.
Anthropologists do not create an independent organization with its own rules about the economy. It's determined by other institutions such as kinship or religion, which conduct production and distribution. Though these other institutions members of a group are able to meet their material wants. Analysis of financial relation is in terms of individual behavior and choices. According to anthropologists, individuals can not get any progress unless they come together as a community.
Economists are concerned with the organization of production with the unit of production, how the writing process worked in the factors that affect performance. In the capitalist economy units of research would be the firm, how it is organized, what are its constituent, what determines the level of production among others. Answers would be phrased in the prevailing budget categories of prices, wages and capital.
Anthropologists argue that economic relationships between coworkers are just one aspect of a more general social relation. They are not just coworkers but kin, in-laws or celebrants in the same ritual. Also, people take their projects through from start to finish and have a sense of accomplishment in the product. This is because they have a particular type of relationship. When they come together they create new ties and all work towards one purpose of developing their people.
To economists factory works offer for sale and the employers value rather than their own use, they may be alienated from the items they require. Such alienations mean they do not feel secure dignity or personal identification with their products. In industrial nations, people do not usually work with their relatives and neighbors. If coworkers, friends intimate relationship develops during their usual use rather than being based on a previous association.
In nonindustrial societies, there is more intimate relationship between the workers and the means of production than there is in business nations. Division of labor is related to age and gender is an educational general the specific task assigned to sex and to people of different ages varies. Land and labor are means of production. According to anthropologists access to both land and labor comes through social links such as empathy, marriage and family. Aid in writing is only one aspect of ongoing social relationships that are expressed on many other occasions.
Technology contrast with commercial manufacturing is often linked to age and gender. For example, women may create, and men do ceramics and vice Versa. Most people of a certain age and gender share the technical knowledge associated with that age and gender. If married women generally do baskets, most married women know how to mak...