Criminal Theory (Essay Sample)

Psychology:
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There are several themes that link biology and criminal behavior. There are two theories that create an absolute link between biology and criminal behavior. The first theory which gives an absolute connection is genetics. This theory explains that there are several genetic impacts on antisocial and hostile behavior. Genetic factors are very probable to lead to a rise in some biological risk factors that contribute to antisocial behavior an example being low arousal. genetics do not fully play a part in criminal behavior. Research between twins shows that there a very large relationship between genetics and criminology (Beaver & Walsh, 2011). The research was carried out using a pair of identical twins. The twins were brought up in different families. The twins despite the fact that they brought up in different families showed very strong evidence of inheriting antisocial behavior that the study of adoption. However there needed to be environmental factors to trigger the biological factors. The genetic factors were very likely to biological risk factors. The argument was that the biological factors would eventually lead to the biological factors being turned on. The theory is that people who carry the gene only need an environmental factor to turn on their antisocial behavior (Damon et al, 2006).
The other factor that plays a very large role in criminal behavior is psychophysiology. Psychophysiological traits are key candidates of interaction effects accompanied by psychosocial variables due to the fact that they tap the interference between both psychological and physiological processes. These factors also have a very large ability to provide a route which the influences of genetics are able to influence antisocial (Beaver & Walsh, 2011).
Research carried out by various researchers' shows that psychophysiological risk factors have a greater influence as compared to social backgrounds. The research shows that antisocial are highest mainly in middle class families. Children who came from intact homes and went to private schools had a higher level of antisocial behavior. One study concluded that children with a low resting heart rate at the age of 3 related it to their aggression at age 11. The children with increasingly varied heart rate were very likely to be the same ones with aggression issues in their young adult hood regardless of whether or not they were victims of violence. Other research was carried out showed that they showed that individual with low skin activity and conductance were common traits of people were most likely to exhibit antisocial behavior. These were mostly observable in teenagers from high social classes but not from low ones. One explanation is that the pattern was observed in individuals who lacked the social push. When a child lacks a social factor to push them to avoid antisocial behavior then that child will most probably adopt antisocial behavior. Social clauses related to criminal behavior are important explanations to biological links to criminal behavior. This to my understanding will affect criminology to a very large degree. The psychophysiological risk factors theory gives an adequate explanation due to the reason that the individual is not in control. Children can't be able to control their heart rate or skin activity. This will lead to them unwillingly participating in these behaviors (Damon et al, 2006).
Obstetric factors were given as an example of biological factors that affect criminology. Obstetrics are compelling evidence related to social interactions. One such example is birth complications. Children who suffer from birth complications carry a very large likelihood of developing delinquent and behavior and commit impulsive crime. In Denmark a research carried out focusing on children with birth complications was done. Most of these children were responsible for a majority of bot violent and nonviolent behavior this gives a clear indication those obstetric factors to very large degree affect criminology. Birth defects are one of the factors that affect normal growth and also the behavior. Some mothers tried ...