American Retail Industry: Americas Industrialization (Essay Sample)

AMERICAN RETAIL INDUSTRY
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Introduction
In marketing and economics, retail is the process of selling goods and services to the consumer through different channels and distribution for the seller to obtain profit. The American retail industry is one of the world's largest; featuring the biggest of the world's retailers. America's industrialization replaced the previous agriculture which was considered an impoverished venture. The America retail industry came about as a result of the available resources, labor personnel, capital as well as favorable government policies that came after the world war. To many Americans, railway business marked the beginning of America's industrialization. This business was associated with high channelization of noisy railway machines, booming all across America after the world war.
The three examples of retail categories of the Americas industrialization were department stores, mail order houses, and cartels. Mail order houses advertised their products through mail order catalogs in rural areas. They depended on the railway and the US mail for the transportation of their catalogs and goods over great distances. The mail order houses targeted rural dwellers and ensured to offer a variety of services that the people had never seen before. The department stores offered a variety of goods for the customers making them different from the previous retail stores .they had clearly stated fixed prices and would allow the customers to return or exchange the goods whenever they were not satisfied. The department stores relied on newspapers to attract a large number of their clients all over the cities. The cartel is a cooperation or a pool of different entrepreneurs coming together to achieve social Darwinism. Rockefeller, through technology, achieved a competitive advantage .he recruited experts to ensure a well-defined oil production .he targeted the audience by persuading his competitors to join the cartel he was creating and would even drive them out of business whenever they refused. He ensured that he was granted favorable treatments from the railway roads. The cartels advertised their products through newspapers and magazines. Trademarks were keys for their identification and distinction from other similar and related companies.
Vertical integration is whereby a company attains a competitive advantage over others and can be in control of materials for manufacturing, processing and distribution of the final products. Through vertical integration, a company considers itself to be self-sufficient, operating within its limits to produce a finished end product from raw materials. Horizontal integration, on the other hand, is a way of fighting monopoly .companies doing similar or same productions are me...