Chemistry: Reaction Kinetics and Chemical Equilibria (Essay Sample)

Reaction Kinetics and Chemical Equilibria
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Reaction Kinetics and Chemical Equilibria
Questions
* (i) Chemical reactions that take place involving liquids and gases can vary in the rate of reaction depending on the concentration of the reactants. Thus, reactants with a high concentration tend to increase the rate of chemical reaction while the reactants with a low concentration of particles have a little effect on the reaction.
The reaction of two particles whether the same or different, will take place because of the collision of the particles in the reaction. This is the case with reactants in a solution; when the concentration of the reactants is increased, the presence of particles increases in the solution and thus, causes more reaction, which is the rate of chemical reaction (Kortz et al. 2009). \this means that the rate of chemical reaction increases with addition of the reactants concentration into a solution
Another factor that affects the rate of chemical reaction is the activation energy of the reactant's particles. Activation energy is the ability of particles to react in a solution. This means that if the activation energy of a particular reactant in a solution is high, then it is possible that the rate of reaction will increase even with a little addition of that reactant into the solution (Kortz et al. 2009).
In the case where a chemical reaction involves a catalyst, increasing the concentration of the reactant will not change the rate of reaction. This is because the catalyst is already working at its maximum best rate for the solution's reaction.
(ii) The surface area of a solid reactant will increase the rate of reaction in a solution since the reaction is based on collision of particles. This means that if the surface area of the solid reactant is large, then the rate of reaction will increase because of the exposure of the large particles to the liquid solution.
b.These are simplified diagrams of Maxwell-Boltzman diagram that show the activation energy of particles at different levels of temperature.
According to the diagram, the left hand-side is the area representing the particles that do not have enough activation energy for reaction, whereas the right hand-side in green represents the area with the high activation energy for reaction. The increase in temperature will increase the rate of reaction in a solution because the kinetic energy of the particles will increase. Kinetic energy of particles tend to increase with an increase in temperature. This is because the movement of the particles in the solution will be higher, implying that the collision of the reactants' particles will be taking place faster than in the former temperature. Conversely, when the temperature lowers, the kinetic energy of the particular reduces causing a slow movement. The slow movement will decrease the rate of particle collisions and consequently decrease the rate of chemical reaction in the solution (Kortz et al. 2009).
These two subsequent diagram are deduced from the one at the top and they show the effect of temperature on the rate of chemical reaction. In this case, (T+t) is the summation of the activation energy and the increase of the energy occassioned by the change in temperature. This shows that (T+t) can surpass the activation energy of the reactants' particles in case of an increase in temperature (Kortz et al. 2009).
c. (i) The order of each reactant is determined by the increase of the concentration of the reactant in the reaction. For CH3COCH3 , it is first order given by (0.02-0.01= 0.01), for I2 it is second also given by (0.02-0.01= 0.01) and H+ is third order given by (0.20-0.10=0.1) The orders for the reactants are the same since the change in concentrations is directly proportionate to each other.
The rate of reaction is given by the formula...