Closing the gap (Indigenous Australians) (Essay Sample)

CLOSING THE GAP (INDIGENOUS AUSTRALIANS) by Your Name Course/Code Professor’s Name University City, State Date Closing the gap (Indigenous Australians) Introduction The experience of government interaction with indigenous peoples in Australia, the United States, and Canada is similar in many important parameters. The nineteenth century brought with it a settled way of life, farming, or pastoralism, industrial expansion, inexorably transforming huge territories into raw materials appendages for the development of modern industrial states. Europeans invaded the ancient lands of indigenous peoples, changing their way of life with more or less direct violence, spreading both new diseases, ethnocide, and crushing social changes. The titular (dominant) peoples remained diligent in most of these problems until very recently, due to the lack of indigenous peoples' forms or forums that are available to Europeans. But thanks to the increase in the general level of education, new communication technologies, especially television and electronic means in the transfer of documents and information and the study of national history, combined with the more organized political and cultural activity of indigenous peoples, it became difficult to continue to ignore these problems. Attitude towards the Aborigines and the state of reconciliation Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples endure the most noticeably awful post-colonial state of every colonized nation. This condition of poor social, enthusiastic, and physical wellbeing has a reasonable and quantifiable relationship to the social disparities experienced by Indigenous people groups. An element of dispossession and portrayed by destitution and frailty, the colonizing procedure has left Aboriginal people groups in a condition of a social impediment (Doyle 2015, p.166). In the 1940s and 1950s, the Australian government's policy towards the Aborigines changed toward assimilation. This meant that the aborigines were ordered to live as people of non-Aboriginal origin lived. This did not happen because the Aborigines did not want to lose their traditional culture. In the 1960s, politics changed toward integration. Most men got the right to vote in the 1850s, but voting rights in the Commonwealth did not apply to all Australian aborigines until 1962. With the integration of all the aborigines received civil liberties, but still, they were expected to be introduced to an uncharacteristic culture. Further changes occurred in 1967 when 90 percent of Australians voted for the account of the aboriginal population in the census. This referendum became a historic milestone. It pointed out that the overwhelming majority of Australians wanted the Aborigines to join their society and receive equality (Mohamed 2016, p.16). This disclosure of boundaries in the Australian canons of behavior, coinciding with an active protest from the Aborigines, led to the establishment of a policy of self-determination of the indigenous nation in the 1970s. The Australian government had to admit and agree that Australians - Aboriginal people - have the right to their own point of view and their own political, economic, social and cultural development. Since the 1960s, Australia has entered a new stage in the process of developing frontier territories or the interior of the country, which has given rise to new problems and values. This era realized the limits and price of uncontrolled industrialization and recognized regional social, cultural and political values. However, this development trend did not eradicate industrial expansion or ruthless exploitation of resources; it only slightly changed the outdated methods. Increased attention to the problems of the environment and ethnocultural diversity has become dominant in the politics of national states and in the world consciousness. There is much confirmation all around that considerable changes in expectations for everyday comforts for poor groups happen, at first through enhancing framework identified with wellbeing. The following phase of human and economic advancement happens through expanded access to wage gaining resources, for example, education and the chances to get to different markets (Bandias 2012, p.53). However, until recently, the indigenous peoples of internal Australia - and the non-indigenous inhabitants who run them - had too little knowledge about the similarity of their problems and solutions, the potential benefits of sharing experiences and ideas with other nations to solve common problems, regardless of national boundaries. Indigenous peoples, with their ancient traditions and languages, were sometimes trading partners, sometimes exploited by the labor force, sometimes they were simply displaced or even destroyed, while their territories and waters were seized by others. Religious and political missionaries came to them, often with sinister consequences, but at times giving them protection. Until recently, the indigenous peoples of these vast regions also had "law and order," or "prosperous colonialism," but as soon as governments established strict control of the nation state on the interior of the country, new forms of political organization were imposed. But this belated legal and political assimilation did not always pass in accordance with the plan. According to Mendes (2013), “The Government announced that they would retain the CIM program, but also extend it as a nondiscriminatory measure to non-indigenous welfare recipients in the Northern Territory”(p.499). The relationship between indigenous peoples, the white colonialists, and their government has reached a point where many of the cherished desires of indigenous peoples, including the revival of their self-determination, have become possible. The standard of living of Aboriginal people in Australia The standard of living of aborigines is significantly inferior to that of other Australians. Because of the lack of satisfactory education, and also because of the prevailing racial prejudices in the country, the majority of working Aborigines (both in cities and in rural areas) are forced to be content with unskilled and low-wage labor. The average annual income of a family from Aborigines is half that of the rest of Australians (Hunter 2014, p.8). Settlements of Aborigines in those settlements and cities where "white" predominate are located separately, as a rule on the outskirts, in the most inconvenient places. Unsanitary living conditions, insufficient and improper diet, a sedentary lifestyle to which they are completely unadapted, the lack of immunity to many common diseases among Europeans lead to the fact that Aborigines often and seriously are ill. Children's mortality in Aborigines is almost 3 times higher than in "white" Australians, and the average life expectancy is 20 years less. As is usually the case, the low material level and the "spiritual vacuum" that came after the destruction of the old (traditional) culture, alcoholism, drug addiction, and crime are accompanied by a lack of opportunities for a full appreciation of the spiritual values ​​of the new culture. In some settlements, about half of all expenses of aborigines go for alcohol. The consequence of this is numerous accidents, injuries, fights, disregard for parental and family responsibilities, etc. In recent years, the Australian government has taken a number of measures to improve the living conditions of Aboriginal people, medical services, increase their level of education, and combat alcoholism. The new target concentrates on expanding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander kids' participation in quality education programs broadly, reaching out the initial focus on distant groups (Australia 2017, p.26). The aborigines themselves have markedly stepped up efforts aimed at overcoming the severe consequences of colonization. But the damage was done to them in the past, and the effect of inhibitory factors in the present are so great that positive results are extremely slow. This applies to most of the aborigines. However, at the present time, they are already heterogeneous in their social and economic situation. Among them, there are wealthy people who own small farms, small businesses (often cooperatively), and also hold well-paid positions in government institutions. And now the state provide different supporting programs in order to change the situation (Bray et al. 2015, p.376). A hidden rationale of wage administration is that compelling people's spending will have flow‑on impacts. For instance, meeting the essential needs of kids will have significant advantages to their wellbeing and school cooperation, and subsequently instructive accomplishment. Also, decreased spending on liquor would bring down liquor manhandle and outcomes, for example, household and other brutality furthermore, child disregard. These impacts would show at the individual, family, and group level. Throughout the 1970s, the number of aboriginals who received a diploma of education almost tripled. The intelligentsia is still not numerous, but its activities make a significant contribution to the development of the modern national culture of the natives, in the struggle to improve their living conditions. Several original writers, poets, artists, journalists, ideologists of the national movement came from among the aborigines. There are periodicals printed by aborigines in various parts of the country. Aboriginal policy in Australia and closing the gap in social interventions In the constitution adopted after the formation of the Australian Union, it was said that the central government (the federal parliament) has the right to establish laws for people of any race, except Aborigines, for which special laws must be created in each state. When censuses of the country's population, the Aborigines were not taken into account, their numbers were determined specifically. These two articl...