Raising Tobacco Taxes in California Research Assignment (Essay Sample)

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Raising Tobacco Taxes in California
Introduction
There is a claimed reverse relationship between cigarette fee rates and cigarette usage and various studies have acknowledged tobacco levies as the absolute best technique in accomplishing intense diminishments in smoking. Particularly, a decline in smoking rates from twenty-two to thirteen percent of grown-ups In New York City was observed in the twelve years after the duty and a prohibition on smoking in eateries and bars was actualized. This annotated Bibliography reviews books, databases, and scholarly articles that will inform an entry on supporting the raising of tobacco taxes in California. The entry itself will cover three categories by giving a background on activities pertaining passing the vote on tobacco tax raise in California, providing historical background about cigar taxation and effects of tax raise, while concluding with the impacts in California. Important research from this topic comes from several sources, particularly from scholarly journals from a variety of academic field such as economics, health, and sociology, in which the authors have done extensive research on effects of raising tobacco taxes. The focus of the topic is to provide readers with in-depth, balanced information on how the state of California wants to curb smoking rates as well as bibliographic resources to help the readers start their own research projects, the larger goal is to educate and encourage empathy and curiosity.
Annotations
Gruber, Jonathan. Tobacco at the Crossroads: The Past and Future of Smoking Regulation in the U.S., Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15:193-212, 2001.
Jonathan’s scholarly article explains how under the cigar master settlement agreement of the 90s. According to Jonathan, under the cigar master settlement agreement of the 90s, forty-six states went to court to constrain big tobacco organizations from publicizing and promoting cigar to kids. “Forty-six states went to court to constrain big tobacco organizations from publicizing and promoting cigar to kids”(197). The Sustenance and Medication Organization in 2009 banned candy or fruit flavored cigars added primarily to entice kids and teenagers. While this article does not discuss the future policy regulation, it is useful in explaining the regulation background of the industry.
Campbell, Richard, & Balbach, Edith.Building Alliances in Unlikely Places: Progressive Allies and the Tobacco Institute's Coalition Strategy on Cigarette Excise Taxes.American Journal of Public Health.99 (7), p1188-1196, 2009.
This article explains how come November, and Smoking could turn into a pricier addiction in California. The tobacco tax comes in the wake of the state's boycott of tobacco deals to anybody under twenty-one years. A decline in smoking rates from twenty-two to thirteen percent of grown-ups In New York City was observed in the twelve years after the duty and a prohibition on smoking in eateries and bars was actualized. “American policymakers have utilized duties on tobacco items and alcoholic drinks – supposed "sin charges" – both to restrain utilization of these products and to produce income” (1190). This article is useful explaining how coming up with charges have helped in cubing smoking rates in other states.
Prabhat, Johan, & Richard, Peto. Global Effects of Smoking, of Quitting, and of Taxing Tobacco.New England Journal of Medicine. 2014; 370:60-6810.
This scholarly article explains how a substantial assemblage of prove demonstrates that smokers are genuinely profound to the cost of cigarettes. “Youthful smokers and those with lower wages are most irritable to cost; among low-pay smokers, for instance, every ten percent ascend in cigarette prices prompts ten percent less smoking” (66). The size of this behavioral reaction implies that, on average, higher levies do not expand the amount low-salary persons spend on smoking; however, they enhance wellbeing through lessened smoking. While these variables are deliberated, cigarette expenses are more dynamic than regularly alleged. The article is helpful in giving information from World Health Organization database on the figures of youth who smoke and are dying from cigar-related illness. However, it does not dwell on the effects of quitting smoking.
Ross, Hana, Chaloupka, Frank, Wakefield. Youth Smoking Uptake Progress: Price and Public Policy Effect. Economics Journal. 2006; 32:355–367.
This article explains how different studies have found that expanding levies can significantly affect teenage smoking rates. “Investigation of teenage smoking rates following a government levy rose in 2009 found a massive reduction in the utilization of both conventional and smokeless tobacco items amongst secondary school understudies”(4). This activity determined how duty incomes support wellbeing programs down to the division of a percent. The peer-reviewed article however fails to give a break-down on the number of youths who engage in smoking and the various methods they buy cigars at school and has narrowed its discussions on adults smoking uptake. The article is useful in addressing the effects of tobacco control measures on adolescence smoking uptake, youth access rules, and socio-economic factors on smoking amongst secondary students.
National Cancer Policy Board.Taking Action To Reduce Tobacco Use. Washington, D.C.:National Academy Press, 1998 pp.4-6
This book explains that the ideal approach to lessen the wellbeing ills from smoking is to keep individuals, particularly the youthful, from steadily grabbing a cigarette. According to the book, expanding the duty which brings about higher cigarettes costs is a viable approach to diminish the quantity of children who attempt cigarettes, and capitulate to infection or demise triggered by tobacco usage. Raising cigarette tolls produces financial advantages in two ways (5). States spend fundamentally less on treating individuals with tobacco-related infection and acknowledge real savings in projects, for example, Medicaid since higher tobacco duties decrease smoking rates. While this book does not explain how to tackle other options like buying cigars from black markets when taxes are raised, it is useful in explaining the benefits of raising tobacco taxes.
Hemphill, Thomas A. Electronic Cigarettes at a Regulatory Crossroads. Regulation.2013:36(3), pp3-10
This article explains how diminishing smoking spares states millions of dollars in consumptions for treating lung disease, and strokes, pregnancy complexities, and other wellbeing issues. With a one-dollar per-pack toll increment, thirty-eight states would spare one million dollars in healthcare costs in a span of five years from treating lung tumor only (6). According to the authors, if each state raised its cigarette levy by one dollar, they would spare nearly two hundred million dollars in five years by decreasing lung malignancy treatment costs. This article is useful in explaining how regulation of tobacco taxes will lead to decrease in tobacco related deaths. However, the article fails to explain how regulation of cigar black market will be done with the raise of tobacco tax.
Spagat, Elliot. Bid to Raise California Tobacco Tax nears November Ballot. The Morning Journal. Available at /article/MJ/20160516/NEWS/160519636 Accessed October 30, 2016.
This site gives an insight on how the tax raise will benefit California. There are a huge number of unexpected mortalities, several billions of dollars in medicinal care and profitability losses every year, and more than one thousand individuals begin smoking each day. Executing robust tobacco control approaches at state level has been demonstrated to decrease smoking and...