Urinalysis: The Effects Of The Concentration Of Substances In The Body (Lab Report Sample)

Urinalysis Alyssa Joy Villarosa August 14, 2018 Introduction: Urine is produced as kidneys of the body filters soluble wastes in the bloodstream and excretes them together with other substances such as water, sugar, and used compounds CITATION Kidnd \l 1033 (KidsHealth.org, n.d.). During this process, the blood gets filtered in two bean-shaped organs (kidneys) and the resulting substances passes from the ureters, to the bladder, and lastly to the urethra. While knowing these structures are important, one of the most commonly studied aspect of urine is its very composition. This is because the amount of soluble substances that the urine contains could give an idea an idea about the medical problems that a patient is having. Problems, which are usually hard to detect through other medical procedures yet easier through a process called ‘urinalysis’. Following from this, the author of this article would like to understand in more detail how some of the parameters in measuring urine content could suggest possible underlying problems in an individual. Thus, a urinalysis would be conducted on a urine sample that is provided by the participant. This includes an analysis of the results and a description of the parameters, taken to measure it. Materials: The following materials that were used in this test are provided below. Item Quantity Bleach 1 Bottle of Distilled Water 1 Measuring cup 1 Paper towels 1 Tap water 1 Timer 1 Tape 1 Gloves 2 Test Strips 4 Urine Cups 2 Methodology: In order to make sure that precise measurements could be made, the participants were first asked to not eat nor drink at least 2 hours before the experiment. As this is secured, the materials needed including, urine cups, tape, timer, test strips, and paper towels were prepared. After completing the first series of tests, the results and the time when it was viewed was recorded and placed in a tabular form as shown in Data Table 1. In doing this, nonetheless, both sanitary and safety guidelines for the procedure and disposal were maintained. For the next part of the experiment, the researchers asked the participant to provide another urine sample after drinking 1liter of water in a span of two minutes. Before conducting this tests, however, the researcher first provided their hypothesis on how the results of the experiment could be affected by the water ingested. After a period of 1 hour, the urine sample was asked again and the same series of tests were conducted. The results were then recorded in Data Table 2. Lastly, just as in the first tests, proper sanitary and safety procedures were also observed even until the disposal of the samples. Results/Data: Exercise 1: Urinalysis Data Table 1. Urinalysis: Trial 1. No food or drink at least 2 hours prior to testing. Time to View Results Test Results Indications Visual Test Immediately Yellow (light/pale) Normal Glucose 2 hours ≤125 mg/d Normal Protein 1 day ≤147 mg/d Normal pH Immediately 5.5-7.5 Normal Nitrates 2 hours Negative Normal Leukocyte Esterase Immediately Negative Normal Ketones 15-20 minutes None Normal Bilirubin Immediately Negative Normal Urobilinogen Immediately Negative Normal Blood Immediately ≤ RBC’s Normal Specific Gravity Immediately 1.0125 - 1.02 Normal Data Table 2. Urinalysis: Trial 2. 60 minutes after Distilled Water Ingestion. Hypothesis Test Results Indications Visual Test Light, Clear Valid Regular and sufficient water intake Glucose Glucose will be lower ≤122 mg/d Glucose levels in the blood was diluted by the intake of water Protein Protein levels will be lower ≤143 mg/d Protein levels in the blood is lower as water helped in the liver rand kidney’s functioning pH pH levels would further normalize 6.2-7.6 pH levels further normalize towards the standard level of 7.0 due to water’s ability to stabilize it Nitrates Negative nitrate level indicates that bacterial infection in the urinary tract is non-existent negative Drinking distilled water does not change nitrate levels especially as is bacterial infection is non-existent before. Leukocyte Esterase Just as above, the negative result for Leukocyte Esterase shows that there are no bacterial infection in the urinary tract. negative The patient does not have any infections that could lead to WBC’s in the urine. Ketones Drinking water would not increase the number of ketone bodies in the urine. None This indicates that the patient’s body does ...