Answering Questions Assignment On Cell Biology (Other (Not Listed) Sample)

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Cell Biology
Question One
A sporozoite is an infective agent that develops in certain organisms such as the mosquito parasite, especially the female anopheles mosquito. Once such a mosquito sucks blood from a person who is infected with malaria, gametocytes transfer into its throat where they reproduce forming new sporozoites. They then move into the salivary glands and if the mosquito attacks another person, the sporozoites are injected through the saliva where there infect and destroy the liver and red blood cells (Garcia, Puentes & Patarroyo 1).
Question Two
Considering Plasmodium falciparum which is the most prevalent malaria causing parasite, there is approximately five thousands genes encoded in it. However, unlike the genome in humans their RNA genes are not uniform but rather express differently at different stages in their life cycle (National Centre for Biotechnology Information 1). This low number of genes as compared to millions found in human is a result of the fact that plasmodium is capable of generating different gene patterns so as to cope with different environmental conditions.
Question Three
Green Fluorescent Protein is a gene found in Jellyfish that enables it to shine. To help in studying proteins in pathogens, it is injected into other organisms under scrutiny where they allow for visualization of how other genes express themselves without any effect on the cells (Jesuino & Casimiro 1). When attached to the microscopic organelles that are being investigated, they fold to the appropriate shape and glow making it possible to observe how these organelles behave.
Question Four
Suppression Subtractive Hybridization is another method used to differentiate the characteristics of two DNA molecules, such as genomic characteristics, which are almost similar. This method is done by taking two different but almost alike species and then balance any DNA components that are in excess, a process known as normalization. All the components that are found to be common in both species are then eliminated hence making comparison easier.
Question Five
Transmembrane domain refers to a group of protein residues within a genome that can penetrate through the membrane and are stable on both sides of the membrane. Mainly, the amino acids found in this region are those which are polar and charged such as TRAP, GALLEX and MAEBL (National Centre for Biotechnology Information 1).
Question Six
Targeted gene disruption is a biological experiment whereby a gene which has been made non-functional is replaced by another so as to learn its functionality. This enables scientists to understand the various functions performed by the genes once they are introduced in an organism that previously lacked them.
Question Seven
Circumsporozoite protein is a secretion found in the cell surface of a plasmodium.
Question Eight
This protein can be disrupted through injection of an antibody hence affecting their development. Since the CPS functions by increasing the concentration of sporozoites in the salivary glands of the plasmodium, disrupting hinders this functionality. This weakens the plasmodium lowering its multiplication rate and this helps in preventing the...