sampling process in research (PowerPoint Presentation Sample)

OUTLINE
Definitions
Sampling process:
Identify the target population
Select a sampling frame
Specify sampling technique
Execute the sampling frame
Determine the sample size
Execute the sampling plan
Factors influencing sampling process
references
DEFINITIONS:
Sampling:
Is the process of selecting a number of individual for a study in such a way that the individual represent the larger group from which they were selected.
OR a process whereby a researcher chooses her sample.
Sample:
The representative selected for a study whose characteristics exemplify the larger group from which they were selected. Sample of study is simply the participant in a study.
Population:
The larger group from which individuals are selected to participate in a study.
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SAMPLING PROCESS:
It is the procedure or steps of selecting final sample unit. These steps are in sequential order
Sampling process refer to the selection of samples from a population. When the population of study is very wide then a sample is selected from the population which best represent the population.
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IDENTIFY THE TARGET POPULATION:
The target population is the group of individuals, from which the sample might be taken.
Target population refers to the group of individuals to which researchers are interested in generalizing their findings.
For example: researcher wants to study the behavior of toddlers in playgroup. He has to select a particular area (e.g., all playgroups in his city) for his study because it is impossible to study the whole world toddlers
SELECT A SAMPLING FRAME:
Sampling frame is the group of individuals or objects (e.g., list of all playgroups in researcher’s city) from which researcher will draw his/her sample.
It is the list of all units in a study population from which the sample is taken.
For example: researcher takes 3 playgroups near to his house in his sampling frame to conduct his study.
SPECIFY THE SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:
Sampling can be done through probability (random selection) or non-probability (non-random) technique.
if the sampling frame is approximately the same as the target population, random selection may be used to select sample.
if the sampling frame does not really represent the target population, the researcher may choose non-random selection which can give at least an idea about the population in his nearby area.
DETERMINE THE SAMPLE SIZE:
The sample size is simply the number of units in the sample.
Sample size determination depends on many factors such as time, cost, and facility.
In general, larger samples are better, but they also require more resources
EXECUTE THE SAMPLING PLAN:
Once population, sampling frame, sampling technique and sample size are identified, researcher can use all that information to choose his/her sample.
FACTORS INFLUENCING SAMPLING PROCESS:
Nature of the researcher:
Inexperienced investigator
Inadequate supervision
Lack of interest
Nature of th