Managing Effective and Ethical Organizational Behavior (Research Paper Sample)

Managing Effective and Ethical Organizational Behavior Name Institutional affiliation Managing Effective and Ethical Organizational Behavior Introduction Islam is one of the biggest religions in the country. In this paper, as an example of charismatic leadership, we will consider the organization of the Nation of Islam Negro religious and nationalist organization in the United States, founded in 1930 in Detroit, Michigan, by Wallace Fard Muhammad. From the outset, the temple in the Nation of Islam was not a place of worship, and the local branch of the motion, where members resolve specific social problems. Along with economic and organizational abilities, Muslim priest had to have good orator skills. Nation of Islam priests were alone preparing for a sermon, which has always been a revolutionary appeal to spiritual, economic and political revival. Had to devote themselves to constant intellectual work: in addition to reading the Bible and the Koran, which certainly were quoted in support of various aspects of the teachings of Muhammad, Muslim clerics could not do without reading books on history, sociology, political science and economics. Nation of Islam ideology attached great importance to self-education of their adherents: both men and women (Lincoln, 1994). History of the Islam Nation of Islam was founded by Wallace Fard Muhammad in America in 1930. Muhammad’s mission was to teach the defenseless and downtrodden black peoples knowledge about themselves and God, and make them self-independent with higher civilization and superior culture than they had experienced. Muhammad was the Mahdi of Islam and Messiah of Judaism. During his 44 years as its leader, Muhammad and the Islamic movement was widely rejected. However, as a leader, Muhammad tried everything he could save the Islam religion and culture, which included him establishing schools that were based on Muslim teachings. Islam was founded on peace basis, where it was also seen as an answer to Abraham’s prayer to deliver his followers who were treated as slaves in the Western Hemisphere. Nation of Islam believed that the black Americans had been mis-educated in the public schools, which made them believe in white domination (Lincoln, 1994). The Nation of Islam was highly critical of the quality of education and facilities used in most public schools, which made them establish a parochial and independent schools in several cities, which were known as the University of Islam. Unfortunately, this move made the Islam have confrontations with the authorities, which resulted in the arrest of twelve teachers in a raid done in 1934. Students were considered truants since they were not legally enrolled in schools that were state-accredited. The state charged Muslim teachers, claiming that they had contributed to minor’s delinquency and jail. However, the state later dropped the charges and freed the teachers. Muhammad was, unfortunately, given a period of 6 months to transfer the students to school of standard state. Muhammad, however, refused this since these schools were taught by dominant white Christians. Members of the Nation of Islam demonstrated for the release of the teachers, showing their support for the Islamic private schools. Muhammad was charged with violating the act of the Selective Service during the Second World War, which lead to his imprisonment. Other members of the Nation of Islam were also charged for the same crime because Islam opposed serving in the US military. After he had been released, Muhammad built up a membership of his movement, where his program campaigned for a separate state for Black Americans. His program, also called for adoption of Islam religion that was based on Allah’s worship and on the claim that he chose black people as his people. During this time, Malcolm Little was attracted by the Nation of Islam, where he joined the movement while serving a sentence in jail. After joining the Islam religion, little quit eating pork, gambling and smoking in keeping up with the dietary restrictions and practices of the nation of Islam. Little read many books about Islam while in prison, where he also sharpened his oral skills by taking part in debate classes (Awamleh, & Gardner, 1999). Muhammad ordered him to replace the name Little with X, which was an Islamic tradition that required one to change his or her surname if their surname was imposed by slaveholders. Malcolm X rose steadily and rapidly to become the national spokesperson and minister for the Nation of Islam, where he influenced a great follower. However, in 1964, he was excommunicated from the NOI due to issues and disagreements he had with Muhammad, where he found issues with his adherence to Islam teachings. Malcolm’s fame led to an FBI infiltration into NOI and media attention. In 1955, Louis Walcott also joined the NOI, where he also followed the custom to replace his surname with the letter X. Muhammad gave him a new name, Farrakhan. Malcolm X was assassinated in 1965, which made Farrakhan emerge as his protégé. Farrakhan was also a charismatic and dynamic leader with the ability to speak with authority, something that made him appeal the African-American masses. Farrakhan worked hard to rebuild the NOI upon the first foundation that was established by Wallace Fard. He travelled across the USA speaking to different cities where he gained new followers. Under the leadership of Farrakhan, the Nation of Islam was among the fastest growing political affiliations in America. There were several branches of Nation of Islam group formed in foreign regions, which included London, Paris, Caribbean Island and Ghana. Farrakhan tried to develop healthy relations with Muslim countries, a move that he used to strengthen the global influence that the Nation of Islam had. In 1991, Farrakhan was affected by prostate cancer that made him almost lose his life in 2000 due to some complications. The experience made Farrakhan tone down Nation of Islam’s politics, where he later tried strengthening the relations that NOI had with minority groups, which includes Asians, Hispanics and Native Americans. The Islam flag has symbols such as the stars, the sun and the moon that represents the world. The flag also represents world’s peace and harmony. Islam Holy Temples were established in the USA as peace and higher learning sanctuaries. Muslim parents agreed with the establishment of these institutions. In these institutions, Muslims were taught mathematics and how to respect land laws. However, they were never taught how to carry arms, be the aggressor or make war, since that was not right. Muslims were also taught how to have outward and inward cleanliness with the practice of respecting all and having good manners (Shamir, House, & Arthur, 2003). In these sanctuaries, Muslims were also taught that families are the backbone of the society and that they should teach their children good morals to reflect training that can perfect the Muslim society. They were also taught how to prepare and eat the best food that could help them have longer lives. However, they were never taught how to smoke, use alcohol and other harmful drugs that endanger their healthy living. They were also taught how to respect women and treat them right since women were considered as the mothers of the nation and civilization. Muslim women were also taught a modest dress code that would make sure they practice high morality in the society. However, some community leaders and news media have utilized an inflammatory rhetoric that condemns the positive effects that the Nation of Islam’s influence has had on the modern society. However, this is not the case as the Nation of Islam is known to preach peace, where it provides hope for most people in the USA and in the whole world who have been able to live a righteous life. One of the major problems that have faced the Nation of Islam is that many people associates terror attacks with Muslims. However, recently people have started appreciating Muslims in the community, where they see Islam as a religion and society that helps in preaching peace in the world. Transformational leadership Transformational leadership can be defined as the type of leadership that a leader inspirer’s positive change to his subordinates. Transformational leaders are passionate, enthusiastic and energetic. Transformational leaders are involved in the process and also focus on helping their followers succeed as well. In most cases, a transformational leader takes his department, work team or company to the next success and performance level by going beyond the craft strategies and day-to-day operations of his team. Transformational leadership usually focuses on motivation, collaborations and team building with their employees at different stages of a company to achieve better change for the future. These leaders set incentives and goals to push their followers to achieve high level of performances, which is done while providing chances for professional and personal growth for each employee (Awamleh, & Gardner, 1999). The transformational leadership concept was first introduced by presidential biographer and leadership expert James Burns. Burns said that one can easily recognize transformational leadership if the leaders and their subordinates help each other develop through higher level of motivation and morals. One of the main characters of transformational leadership is that the leaders have intellectual stimulation. By this, leaders challenge the status quo and encourage creativity among the employees. These leaders encourage their subordinates to try new ways of learning and new opportunities to try new things. Transformational leaders also have individualized consideration, which means that the leadership also involves providing encouragement and support to each follower. Transformational leaders usually keep their co...