Criminal Justice Research Paper (Research Paper Sample)

Assignment 1: Research Paper
Name
Institution
CRIMINAL JUSTICE
Transnational crimes are ones whose effect are felt across national borders as well as in the specific states and which offend the fundamental values of the international community. Cross-border transference is used as an important part of the given transnational criminal activity. Various transnational crimes exits which include: human trafficking, drug trafficking terrorism among many others. This paper seeks to expound on human trafficking as one major transnational crime witnessed in the current contemporary society with close reference to two countries, that is, Canada and the Unites States. The discussion uses comparison and contrast on the manner in which they handle human trafficking.
The two countries have the same definition of human trafficking which is consistent with Trafficking in Persons Protocol’s definition. They define trafficking in human as the recruitment, transfer and transportation of persons by means of force, coercion fraud, deception or even abduction with the aim of exploiting them (Cullen-DuPont, (2009).. The exploitation includes sexual slavery, commercial sexual exploitation, extraction of organs or tissues as well as surrogacy and ova removal. This act poses a major challenge in the security sector and has seen several means exploited to help bring down such activities.
Several statistics exist in the two countries serve as evidence to the extent by which the business has been going on. In Canada, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police estimated that around 700 people were taken into Canada illegally each year mainly for purposes of sexual slavery and commercial trade. The Canadian police stated that these statistics were based on historical statistics. The statistics in the United States are even more alarming, it is estimated that 50,000 people who consisted of women and children are said to be illegally transferred to the United States from every corner of the world for purposes of forced labor and sexual exploitation (Roleff, 2003). The statistics availed in 2010 that covered the sum of human trafficking victims in the US since 2,000 gave a figure of up to 700,000.
In addition to the assessment of crime rates through the available statistics, to assess the crime and develop various ways of countering it, nations especially those that are have adopted the ABA Rule of Law Initiate’s (ABA ROLI’s). The ABA Rule of Law Initiative has been used as a human Trafficking Assessment Tool (HTAT) (Lee, 2007). The tool assists in analyzing national laws meant to curb trafficking in the two countries and the respective government’s efforts to combat trafficking as set out in the protocol on human trafficking. Additionally, HTAT is essential as an instrument to assist combat human trafficking as well as prosecuting the human traffickers.
The legal traditions in US can be said to have promoted the existence of human trafficking. Dating back in the 1880’s, slave trade was legal especially in South America. This explains why the inflated rates in human trafficking in comparison to a country like Canada. However, human trafficking mainly for slave trade was abolished human trafficking but statistics are still worrying. On the other hand, Canada has been long opposed to legalization of trafficking humans, thou it has not eliminated the act within its area of jurisdiction, the statistics...