Between Songhay and Northern Nigeria (Research Paper Sample)

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Between Songhay and Northern Nigeria
The Songhai could be described as a West African empire that conquered Mali and also controlled trade. The empire significantly was dominated by the Muslim religion and was greatly influenced by Muslim culture and traditions. The city states of Northern Nigeria later regained their independence. Hausa was a group of people named after the language they spoke. City-states of the Hausa later emerged between the years of 1000 and 1200 in the Savannah zone, which was east of Mali, and Songhai, what is today the current northern Nigeria. Songhai ruled the Hausa city-states for a short period, but they later gained independence. The Songhay local later rulers built walled cities for their capitals while the Hausa rulers governed the farming villages that were outside the city walls.
Growing hatred of the Hausa taxation and also the Hausa aristocracy by the Fulani herdsman and the Hausa townsmen saw the increase of fascinating religious teacher and leader Usman Dan Fodio. Usman as a teacher and a leader tried to bring out an uncontaminated form of Islam among the Fulani herders and also the Hausa townsmen. Usman became a very significant figure in the Hausa city capitals of the Gobir and the Kebbi, to a point that the members of Gobir Saki Yunfa tried to eliminate him. After the attempt to assassinate their teacher Usman he declared a jihad, Usman had a strong support from the Fulani herdsmen and the Hausa townsmen. Gobi state was one of the first countries to fall. Usman controlled most of the Hausaland in the year 1808. The Fulani aristocracy was replaced by the Hausa aristocracy, and later became the Hausa culture. The Sokoto later became the capital state of the Capilate. Usman's was the successor of Muhammad Bello, who later expanded the Sokoto Empire. Under Bello, the Sokoto leader caliphate extended west to Songhai, and east to Kanem, and to the South side including the Nupe and Yoruba state of Ilorin.
In the 1808 to the mid-1830s, the Sokoto Caliphate expanded progressively occupying the plains to the west and most critical parts of the Yoruba land. This became one of the major states in Africa, and it stretched from to the modern-day Burkina Faso to Cameroon this included most of the Northern Nigeria to the Niger Republic. To the height of the Sokoto Caliphate, this included to over thirty different emirates under its political structure.
The leader of each emirate was chosen by the Sultan, who acted as the flag bearer for that city but was also given extensive independence and autonomy. The growth of the Caliphate transpired through the establishment of a widespread system of ribats as part of the emerging policy of Muhammed Bello, the second Sultan. Ribats were then established which led to the founding of new cities. They built walled fortresses, schools, markets places, and other buildings as a way to expand their territory and protect it. These were one prove to a crucial expanding of the Caliphate by developing the new cities, they also settled the pastoral Fulani people, this supported the growth of plantations that were essential to the economy.
The Industrial Arts is where there were full-time specialists as it was only where there was an assured market for crafted products. The works included men's crafts that were in different products ...