Concepts of the Development of a Child (Research Paper Sample)

Name:
Approved Topic:
Unit Name:
Unit Code:
Due Date:
The following are the discussions of the concepts of the development of a child especially a school child considering the problems they meet during their development and how different parents can contribute to the unique characters of their children.
1. Discussion on the concept of resilience and identification of the variables that influence the impact of stresses on school-age children.
Resilience is the ability of an individual to withstand and adapt to the threats and challenges facing them as a result of theirinteraction with others and the environment. It shows how someone can overcome a challenging task of decision making under a condition of dilemma, thereby emerging as a hero against apressure that was exerted upon them before they came up with the amicable solution to the challenge (Woods et al, 2005). Individuals having this condition are usually keen decision makers and have the ability to take a secure position in cases that seem challenging to handle, for instance the ability to cope up with regulations that are very strict in an organization like working for long hours in a bank repeatedly or studying even when one is hungry. Those who are resilient can cope well even with situations that appear unbearable.
The variables that influence the impacts of stresses on school age children areInternal and external in nature and depend on the source of the stimulant of the stress to the school child which determines the impact of the stress to the child as either being; low, medium or high level stress leading to mild or severe depression to the school child.
Internal variables are the factors generated within the school child’s personal perception of others and the environment making them be stressed up or not as discussed;Love,this can make the child feel unhappy and stressed especially if they are missing people they love like their mother, sister or father .Hunger, when they are hungry they appear gloomy and feel stressed naturally at different levels depending on their resilient abilities .Anxiety, children who are naturally more aggressive appear more stressed up when challenged by situations than those who are not much aggressive. Social nature of the child, children who are introverts tend to be more stressed than the extroverts when faced with a challenge (Woods et al, 2005).
External variablesare factors from the environment that dictates the level of stress upon a school-child and are as follows; Influence of peers, the activities of their fellows toward them like discrimination on basis of education level and ability can lead toa feeling of loneliness makingthem lack social identity thereby appearing stressed up.Newhome, adapting to the new environment may be challenging to a child considering the lost ties withtheir previous playmates leading to a condition of stress on a school-child .Child labour, engaging a child in activities that are inconsistence with their ability and skills can make them be stressed up as they may not be enjoying such duties.
2. The following are the three family functions thatspecifically relate to love and encouragement needs of school-age children with discussion of what is involved in each of them.
Resource provisions: This involves the commitment to meet the requirements of basic needs like food, clothingand shelter, which are necessary for the school child to stay happy and feel protected thus deterring them from being gloomy and stressed in life .The provision of luxurious resources like holiday tours to a child can make them feel encouraged and face life challenges with a lot of optimism thus making them jovial and enlightened about the situations of their explorations that some of their peers are not aware of. This makes them very skillful in observation necessary for their learning processes in class.
Nurturing and supporting:This may involve the attempt of restoring the peace of mind of a child when they are going to school and when they arrive home from school thus giving them motivation to continue and love the school environment after observing that even their parents are supporting their learning activities in school .They should be provided with necessities like fee payment and adequate upkeep finances to enable them fell protected and loved hence get motivated to study(Epstein and Miller.1993).
Life skills development: This involves the parents proposing a decision to their children on matters that require experiences in life, thus expanding their understanding of the real world hence face their challenges with adequate and informed decisions necessary for proper judgment. In choosing the career path of their child the parents should study and understand their child hence assist them in choosing the best courses that fits well with their ability and observed passion (Woods et al, 2005).
3. Discussion of the special problems of bullies and their victims and possible ways of helping such children.
Tooanxious, mostly exhibited by victims of bullying, they most likely get aroused easily and can react beyond the expected limits as such causing serious injuries to their victims without caring whether their actions are wrong or not .They can carry weapons to social places and use them in causing harm to others without considering the consequences of their actions, whether bad or good, moral or immoral.
Oppressive, they are quick at acting and causes oppression to their peers as they believe that their opinions are the best and irrevocable even if they others have better opinions than theirs. They struggle to seek attention of others through forceful offer of solutions to problems even in cases where such solutions are not necessarily applicable .They dominate much of the discussions giving very subjective decisions to universal problems that need an objective approach (Woods et al, 2005).
Courageous, they tend to be fearless of the possible outcomes of their actions which are mostly inhuman and very ruthless to consider committing under sober state of mind. They can even take risky decisions with a lot of optimism and shortsightedness in the long-term results of their immediate actions for example they can stub their victims without caring that that act can lead to the death of their victims or lead to life imprisonment for committing such offences.
Loneliness, the pure bullies makes their victims have negative perception about others as being potential enemies; they therefore tend to stay alone and may plot to cause injuries to their fellows on revenge missions.
Possible ways of helping these children may involve; Enforcing laws that discourages the occurrence of bullying in school like punishing the bullies severely thus making other bullies to afraid ofcommitting such acts of bullying (Minuchin, 1974).
Youth service, involving the children in disciplined practices like the youth service, where they learn the impotence of respect to others and avoid consequences of noncompliance with the rule of the law as provided in the constitution of the organization of interest.
4. List and detailed description of the three parenting styles described by Baum rind with explanations of their effects on the long term outcomes for the children.
Permissive parenting style; Involves consultations of the child by their parent on what their heart desires to do at different time periods like on the places they wish to visit during the holidays. The parent behaves in a free manner to avoid having direct control of the free will of their child this makes the child to be vested with the sole role of making decision for their course of actions. The child only assists the parent on a few cases in handling household choirs.
Effects of Permissive parenting style on the child on long termincludes: Development ofunregulated emotions due to lack of sound influence in the decision making criteria of the child by the parent leading to formation of decisions that are misguided hence having chances of being unrealistic.
Lack of adequate persistence, especially when confronted with an event that needs critical analysis they find it unbearable to cope up due to lack of initial direction on the possible cause of actions to be taken in different situations (Minuchin, 1974).
Authoritarian parenting style; the parent attempts to shape and mold the characters of a child by intervening in their decision making process and influencing to a greater extent the choice of action that the child takes in solving issues.The parent usually matches the required standard of a given sovereign to the expected behavior of the child and thus applies compulsory corrective measures to influence the child’s behavior as they deem fit. The child learns social responsibility by being delegated some duty to attend to with the final inspection by the parent.
Effects of authoritarian parenting on the child in the long term includes: Better performance as the child strives to lead the path of the required standards of success in the sovereign states a factor leading to smart work hence higher achievement by the child especially in academics.They tend to be upright in the society since they are directed by their parents to avoid certain acts like drug abuse which most sovereign standards condemn (Minuchin, 1974).
Authoritative parenting style;The parent uses reasons to influence the behavior of their children through holding discussions with them on the matters are crucial in developing their ability to behave responsibly in the society. The parent also analyses the child’s behavior in a special way hence able to grant them a better advice on their decisions as a result of their discussions.
Effects of authoritative parenting style on the child in the long term includes; Highly improved emotional regulation as they are included in the discussion with...