Impact of Unemployment and Poverty on Instability, Rebellion and Violence in the Arab World (Research Paper Sample)

Impact of Unemployment and Poverty on Instability, Rebellion and Violence in the Arab World
Abstract
Unemployment in the Arab world has become a critical problem due to its adverse impacts on the community and society as a whole. Numerous cases of rebellion and resistance have been reported. Such cases are attributable to unemployment and escalating poverty levels. The study focus on investigating the impacts of Unemployment and Poverty on Instability, Rebellion, and Violence in the Arab World. The impact of unemployment and poverty in the Arab world was investigated using survey research technique. A sample of 22 Arab countries was selected using stratified random sampling. The method was preferred because it eliminates the susceptibility of having a large standard error. Both primary and secondary data collection method were used and analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The questionnaires were designed and piloted prior sending them to the human resource managers in the Department of Labor in the 22 Arab countries under investigation. The SPSS program and, Spearman correlation coefficient was utilized. It was found that there is a correlation between unemployment, poverty, and rebellion in the Arab world.
A large number of unemployed youths resulted in violent activities such joining terrorist groups and abusing illicit drugs. The study has also discussed the impacts of unemployment and poverty in details. Besides, the extent in which Unemployment and Poverty can lead to Instability, Rebellion and Violence in the Arab World has been put forth. The Arab government can address the unemployment and poverty problem by amending its legal and economic policies. Investors should be motivated to establish business and increase the level of economic activities. Such activities may help to create jobs and reduce the levels of unemployment and poverty in the Arab world.
INTRODUCTION
Unemployment is an economic condition where a person who is willing, able and qualified to work cannot find a job at the ongoing wage rate (Fergany, 2001). Unemployed people include persons who do not have either self-paid jobs or get salaries from their employment. Additionally, those people who have submitted their credentials but have not been approved for the job also fall into the category of unemployed (Fergany, 2001). The economic losses may be to unemployment among other factors. Unemployment is one of the major ways that lead to financial losses as it relates to commodities that can be offered by those who are not employed. Unemployment can be broken down according to the unemployed characteristics. Such features include; age, gender, education, duration of unemployment period and the type of occupation. Poverty is the scarcity and lack of essential materials necessary to make life easier. The condition of being poor is as a result of social inequality (Finkelstein-Shapiro, & Sarzosa, 2012. The differences occur when other members of society are unable to meet their basic needs while others can attain even tertiary needs. The differences in economic status are attributable to poverty. Arab countries are experiencing critical poverty challenges. The countries in the Arab world have been experiencing severe food and security challenges over the last decade. Research indicates that unemployment and poverty levels are significantly higher as compared to statistical figures that were released earlier.
Research conducted by International Food Research Institute, the Arab world is unique from other countries due to some reasons discussed (Özkan, 2013). Firstly, Arab states have a high population of dependent persons making it difficult for the economy to meet greater demand for the food supply. Secondly, the country imports more than fifty percent of consumption food from other countries. It implies that the state should invest heavily in agricultural technology to address the challenge of food insecurity. Thirdly, Arab country is unique in the sense that the rate of corruption among the government official is significantly high (Ayubi, 2003). Fourthly, the amount of money made from the sale of oil in the Arab world is invested in the United State and Europe countries rather than in Arab countries. The money obtains from the sale of petroleum could be used to increase the levels of economic activity and also create employment opportunities among the unemployed people in the Arab world. Research indicates that the higher rate of unemployment in the Arab world is the primary cause of instability and violence among the unemployed youths. Most unemployed youths become desperate which make it easier for the terrorist groups to execute youth’s radicalization. Numerous young people in the Arab countries have joined terrorism due to higher levels of poverty (Garson, 1997).
Research Problem
Lack of jobs among qualified personnel in the Arab world has been a serious issue Ayubi, 2003).The research focuses to investigating the impact of Unemployment and Poverty on Instability, Rebellion and Violence in the Arab World a significant number of grandaunts being released from the tertiary institutions exceed the number of available job opportunity. Empirical research indicates that the economic capacity of the Arab world is limited to absorb a large number of job applicants. The escalating levels of unemployment levels among the residents of the Arab world have increased poverty (Ayubi, 2003). Besides, it has resulted in a rise in rebellion and instability. Therefore, the research focuses on investigating the impact of Unemployment and Poverty on Instability, Rebellion and Violence in the Arab World.
Research Questions
* What are the effects of unemployment on instability, rebellion and violence in the Arab World?
* What are the impacts of poverty on instability, rebellion, and violence in the Arab world?
* Is there a correlation between unemployment, and poverty?
* Is there a relationship between unemployment, poverty?
Research Goals
* To investigate the impacts of unemployment on stability, rebellion and violence in the Arab World
* To determine the effects of poverty on stability, resistance and violence in the Arab World
* To identify if there a correlation between unemployment and poverty in the Arab World
* To assess whether there is a link between unemployment and poverty in the Arab World Research
Research Importance
The execution of the research is imperative because it will provide an in-depth understanding of the Unemployment and Poverty problem facing the Arab World. Also, the study will provide the government the Arab government with measures that can be a place to remedy the problem of unemployment. For example, the government may increase its economic capacity by allowing the establishment of various industries in the economy to create employment opportunities among a large number of unemployed youths. The government may also encourage local and foreign investors to invest in the country. Local investors may be promoted by providing them with subsidies, and ready market for their commodities. On the other hand, international investors may be encouraged to invest in the Arab world by providing them with a favorable legal policy to execute their business. The government may reduce corporate taxes to encourage foreign companies to invest in the Arab world. Security of their investment is paramount, and therefore, the Arab government should provide both local and foreign investors with adequate security. Such measures may encourage investment and levels of economic activity that consequently increase the standard of unemployment (Neuman, 2005).
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The study utilized Survey research design and stratified sampling techniques to carry out research among the 22 Arab states selected. Stratified sampling technique was highly preferred to simple random sampling because, stratification eliminate the likely hood of having a significant error standard error among the independent variable under the investigation. It implies that the standard deviation is which increase the accuracy of the research outcomes. Stratified random sampling makes it easier and cheaper to manage a population under the investigation. The population parameters are easy to control when strata are. The qualitative data was analyzed qualitatively while quantitative data was analyzed quantitatively using statistical techniques (Neuman, 2005).
Secondary data on poverty and unemployment was gathered from the archives and National libraries. On the other hand, primary data was collected using interviews and questionnaires. Questionnaires were prepared and piloted actual prior exercise of data collection. Piloting helped to ensure that questions asked were relevant and credible enough to obtain the required information from the respondents. Also, it contributed to enhancing internal validity of the variables used to carry out the research (Neuman, 2005). Later, questionnaires were distributed to the departments of labor in each of the 22 Arab countries. The human resource manager and their assistants handled filling the questionnaires for the purpose of the study. The external validity was imperative for the purpose of carrying out research. It helped to ascertain that similar results obtain in the study can be obtained elsewhere regardless of the methodologies used in other studies. The researcher ensured that ethical considerations are into account. It is imperative for the participants to understand that their corporate information will remain confidential in any way whatsoever. The information gathered is utilized for research and not for any other purpose (Neuman, 2005).
However, the researcher understood that questionnaires could face limitations because some human resource specialists in the labor departments were very busy and could not find am...