A Study On The Situation Of Muslims In The United Kingdom (Research Paper Sample)

Topic: Policing and Terrorism: A Study on the Situation of Muslims in the United Kingdom
Contents
Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………… 3
Chapter I: Introduction ……………………………………………………………….. 4 - 14
An Overview……………………………………………………………………. 4
Overview of changing forms of Terrorism and how Common Perception Developed to identity Terrorism as a specific community generated Crime …………………. 6
Thesis Statement ……………………………………………………………….. 8
Basic ideas regarding Human Rights …………………………………………... 9
Objective, Purpose and Significance of the Study …………………………….. 14
Methodology ……………………………………………………………………16
Chapter II- Literature Review ……………………………………………………….. 17 – 44
Relevance of the section in context of the topic ………………………………... 17
Evolution of the International Human Rights as a Separate Legal Discipline and Expansion of the provision “Freedom from Torture” to protect relevance of Human Rights from all provisional aspects …………………………………………….. 18
Freedom from torture and Protection from Policing and Arbitrary Counter Terrorism policies ………………………………………………………………………….. 28
Globalization, Civil Society and Disparity among respective approaches contributing to rise of terrorism, also jeopardizing lives of common people …………………… 32
Development of Civil Society …………………………………………………... 34
The traits of Modern Democracy generated from Globalization ……………….. 37
Civil Society and Global Governance: The Challenges ………………………... 39
Chapter III – Over Criminalization as an Effective Way of Policing ……………… 44 – 53
Over Criminalization, Tendency to Dominate people with arbitrary Criminal Prosecution and Abundant Violation of Human Rights in the United States …………………. 44
Historical Evolution of the Over criminalization and evaluating responsibility of the Congress ………………………………………………………………………….. 46
Over criminalization in the Modern Context …………………………………….. 48
Chapter IV-How Social Dominance develops Defiance, creating a fertile ground for terrorism and abuse of Human Rights from Post Structuralist Perspective ……….. 53 - 71
Idea of Power, “Discipline and Punish”………………………………………….. 59
Governmentality …………………………………………………………………. 63
Chapter V- Conclusion and Finding Ways to Improve the Situation ………………. 71 - 73
References ……………………………………………………………………………….. 74 - 78
Policing and Terrorism: To what extent has counter terrorism impacted on human rights and radicalization?
Abstract: Counter terrorism, as the most effective measure to fight against the evil of terrorism, has been adopted widely in the vast arena of international politics. While the issue of counter terrorism, idealistically encompasses a vast range of philosophical observation and scope to reflect reflective approaches to the problem, most of the nations interpret it as cultivation over means of armed security process and defend the ways of extreme violence in terms of more extreme violence. In addition to the situation, discriminative opinion of common people about their fellow counterparts considerably contributes in worsening the entire situation. While most of the nations focus over the plan to defend terrorism by application of force and keeping the mass under strict scrutiny of policing, in a social existence, people of a particular community also reflect discriminative attitude toward their fellow human beings. Cumulatively, the entire situation gives birth to social antagonism and development of hostile attitude on part of the oppressed, prepares fertile ground for terrorism and finally abundant abuse of human rights due to conflict between terrorism and counter terrorism. This paper aims to reflect over how counter terrorism helps in germinating terrorism, how it encourages violation of human rights and possible steps that can be adopted to introduce betterment in such a crucial state of modern existence within the domain of international politics.
Chapter I: Introduction

An Overview:
Since the very early dawn of human civilization the quintessential morals of humanity have suffered in the hands of their protectors, human beings, in different forms; however, in the process of such exploitation, random torture over weaker section of the society by their superior counterparts has always prevailed. Mass destruction, genocide, murder, exploitation and name of racism and religion and suppression over people of one community by the others in the name of so-called noble purpose to retain the latter’s respective existence as well as the blind obsession to elaborate respective communal supremacy in terms of culture, religion and social norms, are some of the most important forms that have always put proper nourishment or true appreciation of human rights at different points of human civilization both in explicit and implicit ways. An evaluation of humanity both from socio-cultural and religious perspectives would reveal that despite several appeals of social benevolence from every discipline of humanist studies and cultivation, abuse over basic rights of human existence has continued at an increasing rate. One of the main reasons that the anti-humanitarian forces always made desperate attempts to prevent humanity and the philosophy of universal brotherhood as driving forces of human civilization because encouragement of such benevolence and approach towards mutual coexistence would surely prevented them from churning out the self-centered benefits. Providing human rights with a strong foundation would lead human beings to unity and encourage them to fight against all forms of social, political or religious tyranny. Thus, great events of massacres, such as, Crusade, social anarchy aftermath the French Revolution, American Civil War, devastation of the World War I and II, Nazi Holocaust, violence during movement against Racism in America, and the genocides in Africa during 90s, clearly show that to which magnitude exploitation of anti-humanitarian forces can extend to restrict the scope and power of human rights from flourishing to the complete extent.

An attempt to understand social construction of the early times would reveal that it was divided into numerous clans with different socio-cultural, religious and political approaches. What biologically defined as the quest for survival, fused with spontaneous aggression of human nature did drive one clan to dominate over others and at the same time the triumphant clan automatically would receive an automatic right to enjoy all the benefits and the dominated clan would remain deprived in every terms of enjoying human rights. Quite evidently, if this process continues for long, at certain point of time the dominated section of the society would revolt and empowered with their conjugal power, they would attempt to demand proper respect for their rights as human being, and if that demand would not be respected then they would make all attempts to snatch it away, resulting in fall of the tr...