Research About Civil Engineering And Its Development (Research Paper Sample)

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Civil Engineering - Environment
Introduction
Apart from affecting the physical and emotional welfare of building occupants, the interior design and lighting system is a main source of internal heat. The materials used influence the aesthetic condition of the place and also the convenience of a building. In large buildings, such as halls, an approximate of $ 2 million can be spent in interior materials and lighting system. The environmental impact of these two factors is very important in construction. A lighting system that uses both ordinary and electric sources can give a comfortable and visually appealing environment. Recently Developed energy saving lighting equipment can be utilized to help reduce the lighting cost while retaining lighting quality. This will minimize negative environmental impact and promote health and workers’ productivity.
Lighting
In designing a quality lighting environment, the equipments chosen should satisfy both performance and aesthetics requirements. The selection of the equipment should be on the basis of balance between the necessities of the design and the urge to limit the number of lamps. This will result to a reasonable maintenance inventories. Lamp selection should be on the basis of efficacy, color temperature, availability, and cost and lumen maintenance. For example, in today’s building industry, T8 and T5 linear fluorescent lamps are used in lighting (Muir & Woodb 68). This is attributed to their energy saving properties, long life, and easy to control. Their visual performance is also very high. All standard bulbs should be replaced with CFLs and motion -detector light installed. The figure below shows a power saving fluorescent lamp
(Muir & Woodb 79). lefttop
Interior walls
In the interior walls, reinforced concrete construction is preferred. Load bearing walls should be used wherever possible to eliminate interior columns. If columns are necessary, steel pipe or tube –like columns are better, since concrete columns tend to become chipped and are difficult to maintain. Exposed structural shapes overhead must be enclosed in concrete or metal to prevent dust accumulations. Structural supports must be well filled at the floor junction with sloped concrete or welded metal shields to facilitate cleaning and minimize dust and debris accumulation. Walls that are faced with some material (sheathing, veneer panels and other types of wall covering) should be avoided because they may become insect harborages ( Muir & wood 78). Exceptions to this are sanitary plastic panels that are completely bonded to the wall. Reinforced concrete is preferred. The interior facing of the wall may be encrusted with epoxy paint, earthenware tile, and glazed bricks. These provide excellent, cleanable, and attractive wall coverings. Lead or cadmium based paints are unsuitable since they are harmful to human health. The following diagram shows a reinforced concrete wall.
( Meritt e.tal 197).
Doors and doorways
The construction of doors in Hall should be reduced to the bare minimum required for safety and reasonable access. Doors and frames that are no longer needed should be removed completely and the spaces properly blocked. Exterior doors of all types should fit tightly with maximum allowable gaps. Personnel doors that might be wetted during usual routine should be solid core and coated in stainless steel ( Meritt e.tal 285). Door jambs in wet areas should be constructed of a rust-resistant material and must not be hollow. Large freight doors receive considerable abuse from forklifts and other heavy equipment; hence they must be ruggedly constructed to maintain correct fit and ease of use.
Ceiling
Paneled ceiling can also be effective however careful attention must be given to the types of panels chosen and the inspection schedule for the dead space above the panels. In the absence of paneled ceilings , ceiling surfaces have much the same sanitary requirements as walls that is ,they should be easy to clean and impervious. Ceilings are painted when a coating is absolutely essential and then only with an epoxy paint or alike product
Floor
Floors should be impermeable to water, deficient of cracks and crevices. It should also be resistant to chemicals. The type of floor that will suit individual hall depends, in large measure, on the type on the amount of traffic to which it is subjected .for example, tile floor for wet areas e.g gents, sealed concrete for study areas. Although not without its limitations, treated concrete is probably the most satisfactory and generally acceptable material for the construction of floors in such buildings. Tile floors form an excellent surface. However, with heavy wear, tiles may lose some of their grouting which results in infiltration of water beneath them. To av...