The Collision Theory Explains the Factors that Influence the Speed (Research Proposal Sample)

The Collision Theory Explains the Factors that Influence the Speed

A reaction is a process in chemistry for two or more substances to interact, which leads to a new substance. Reactions usually occur because of collision between reactants, and in organic chemistry this can be found through step-wise reactions. The Collision Theory explains the factors that influence the speed at which these reactions take place: Changes in temperature, concentration of reactants, reactant surface, and the addition of catalysts.
To begin with, reaction rate and the temperature of the reactants are inversely proportional because as the temperature increases, the molecules have more kinetic energy. This means that there is a higher chance that it will collide with other molecules at a faster speed and due to this, the reaction rate increases which means that the time it takes for each collision to occur decreases. This can be shown through Einstein's Formula of E = mc2 where E= Energy, m = Mass and c = Speed of Light. As m (Mass) increases, so does c (the speed of light) (Dusselier & Lange, 2022). This means that when the temperature increases the value of c will increase and therefore so will the reaction rate. If a higher temperature is used, there is a lower concentration of reactants so this also reduces the collision rate. For example, if a reaction takes place at room temperature (-17oC) and there is added a catalyst that produces heat which causes it to go up to 20oC, then the concentration will be less and therefore there is less chance of collision.
Besides, the addition of catalysts speeds up reactions because these substances have catalytic properties like allowing reactions to occur in high concentrations at low temperatures. For example, one substance that has catalytic properties called tetraethyl lead converts water into a mixture of water and alcohol. This can be seen in the reaction equation below: CH + OH → CHOH + H rate (Cangtao & Jiulin, 2014. The rate at which this reaction occurs can be increased by adding more catalyst for example adding more tetraethyl lead which increases the overall concentration of the substances involved in the reaction.