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2 pages/≈1100 words
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2 Sources
Level:
APA
Subject:
Accounting, Finance, SPSS
Type:
Statistics Project
Language:
English (U.S.)
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MS Word
Date:
Total cost:
$ 21.06
Topic:
Effect of Cognitive Load and Sleep on Memory Performance (Statistics Project Sample)
Instructions:
The PROJECT WAS ABOUT THE USE OF SPSS TO TEST THE relationship between sleeping hours and 1-back and 2-back test scores. I WAS REQUIRED TO USE SPSS TO CONDUCT ONE-SAMPLE T-TESTS BASED ON DATA THAT WAS PROVIDED AND ESTABLISH WHETHER SLEEPING HOURS SIGNIFICANTLY VARIED BASED ON TEST SCORES (1-BACK & 2-BACK) source..
Content:
Effect of Cognitive Load and Sleep on Memory Performance
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Abstract
Cognitive load is the amount of information a working memory will process at any given time. This load varies based on age and gender among other factors and affects memory performance. Sleep, as an essential process for body, mind, learning, and memory will influence the cognitive load and subsequently memory performance. Deprivation of sleep may present reduced neurocognitive performance and fatigue that affect performance. The purpose of the study is to contribute to the growing literature by examining the extent to which cognitive load will affect working memory. In so doing, the research uses sleeping hours to assess the cognitive load of learners and establish the effects on memory performance. Using a sample of 258 students selected from Kristiania College, department of psychology, we conducted correlation analysis and t-test for the hypothesis. The findings suggest a negative relationship between sleeping hours and memory performance. From the results, longer sleeping hours tend to yield poor working memory. However, the relationship is not statistically significant, an indication that sleeping hours are not a good indicator of memory performance.
Keywords: Cognitive load, sleep deprivation, memory performance, working memory
Effect of Cognitive Load and Sleep on Memory Performance
Introduction
Study Background
Cognitive load is the amount of information a working memory will process at any given time. This load varies based on age and gender among other factors and affects memory performance. Sisakhti, Sachdev, and Batouli (2021) identify retrieval of information and performance of multiple tasks as measures of memory performance. The authors argued that a high working memory load tends to impair performance. Besides, an increase in the cognitive load will result in a decrease in accuracy among learners.
Other studies indicate that processing tasks with higher cognitive load will yield a lower memory performance and vice versa. Sleep, as an essential process for body, mind, learning, and memory will influence the cognitive load and subsequently memory performance. Deprivation of sleep may present reduced neurocognitive performance and fatigue that affect performance. Alotaibi, Alosaimi, Alajlan, and Abdulrahman (2020) argued that poor sleep quality will generate stress and low cognitive load that hinder academic performance. Research on cognitive load, sleep, and their effects on memory performance remains inconclusive. The purpose of the study is to contribute to the growing literature by examining the extent to which cognitive load will affect working memory.
Research Question
Based on the background literature on cognitive load, sleep, and memory, the study attempts to answer the following two fundamental questions.
1 How does cognitive load influence working memory? Does a higher cognitive load result in poor working memory?
2 What is the relationship between sleeping hours and memory performance measured by 1-back and 2-back test scores?
Research Hypothesis
Null hypothesis (H0): There is no statistically significant relationship between sleeping hours and 1-back and 2-back test scores.
Alternative hypothesis (H1): There is a statistically significant relationship between sleeping hours and 1-back and 2-back test scores.
Method
Participants: The participants are third-year students randomly selected from Kristiania College, Department of Psychology. All the participants are adults above 18 years of age. The study had 258 students, comprising of 202 female (78.3%) and 56 male (21.7%).
Material: The study used the N-back test as a cognitive assessment tool to measure the participants’ cognitive control and working memory.
Design: The study a quantitative research design to test the hypothesis. Specifically, it applies both the descriptive and correlational design to establish the relationship between sleeping hours and memory performance.
Procedure: The participants tracked their sleep in 15-minute intervals for the last three nights before attending the lecture. They then completed an N-back training test that included both 1-back and 2-back tests and recorded the results. After the test, they were required to fill out a form that provided their gender, age, sleeping hours, and 1-back and 2-back tests.
Statistical analysis: We conducted a correlation analysis and t-test in SPSS to establish the relationship between sleep and memory statistical difference in the mean values of the variables.
Results
Table 1: T-Test
One-Sample Statistics
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
timer_sovn
258
7.4294
1.42923
.08898
Score_1back
258
84.72
24.197
1.506
Score_2back
258
65.19
29.984
1.867
Table 2
One-Sample Test
Test Value = 0
t
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean Difference
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
Lower
Upper
timer_sovn
83.495
257
.000
7.42939
7.2542
7.6046
Score_1back
56.242
257
.000
84.725
81.76
87.69
Score_2back
34.922
257
.000
65.190
61.51
68.87
The t-test shows a significant effect for sleeping hours t (257) = 83.495, p < 0.05, 1-back test scores t (257) = 56.242, p < 0.05, and 2-back test scores t (257) = 34.922, p < 0.05. The average sleeping hours for the participants is 7.4294 while the average 1-back and 2-back test scores are 84.72 and 65.19 respectively
Correlation Analysis
Table 3
Correlations
timer_sovn
Score_1back
Score_2back
timer_sovn
Pearson Correlation
1
-.071
-.067
Sig. (2-tailed)
.257
.284
N
258
258
258
Score_1back
Pearson Correlation
-.071
1
.626**
Sig. (2-tailed)
.257
.000
N
258
258
258
Score_2back
Pearson Correlation
-.067
.626**
1
Sig. (2-tailed)
.284
.000
N
258
258
258
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
The correlation results in Table 2 show a negative correlation for sleeping hours with 1-back scores r (257) = -0.071, p = 0.257. Similarly, the relationship between sleeping hours and 2-back scores is also negative r (257) = -0.067, p = 0.284. 1-back scores had a positive correlation with 2-back scores r (257) = 0.626, p < 0.01.
Discussion
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of cognitive load on memory performance. It also establishes the effect of sleep on memory performance. Using correlation analysis, the findings suggest a negative relationship between sleeping hours and memory performance. F...
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