Macronutrient Modulation (Term Paper Sample)

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Macronutrient Modulation
Macronutrient modulation is a pattern of changing the proportion of macronutrients in the diet. This practice may be designed to meet specific metabolic requirements to increase the performance of the human body (Eric, 2014). Macronutrient modulation has a vast array of applications in day to day activities of our lives. Areas where macronutrient modulation have found place include sports and body building, body weight reduction, hormonal modulation and body shape and fitness (Eric, 2014). The primary concept applied in these areas is the use of the various ratio of the food sources of macronutrients in the diet. In body weight or fat loss programs, there is a need to reduce the number of calories that ingested so that, the lost calories become higher than those gained and hence reducing the body weight. This is achievable through changes in diet composition of the macronutrients such as the proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.
Carbohydrate intake ratio is reduced to reduce the stored glycogen and consequently weight. This is more commonly in athletes who intake proteins and fats before exercise while reducing the ratio of carbohydrates in their diets (Eric, 2014). In the macronutrient modulation and use, one has to protect his/her lean muscles. This is achievable by intake of protein supplements with branched-chain amino acid. This diet variation allows for body protection, recovery, repair and improving stamina and muscle endurance. After the exercise, it is advisable to consume bioavailable proteins such as whey protein and isolate together with high glycemic carbohydrates from sources such as fruits and fruit juices. One of the most used ratios is 40g carbs: 20g protein and 60g carbs: 20g proteins (Eric 2014).
Phenotype and Genotype
The phenotype of any organism is distinct as the outward physical manifestation of the body (John, 2000). It is the total observable characteristics of an organism ranging from its morphology, developmental, physiological properties, behavior, phenology and biochemical. Some behaviors such as the various bird nests are examples of the phenotype (Russel, 2000). Other examples of phenotype include the height, body shape, skin and fur color, wings and beaks in birds. The phenotype is determinable by the genotype of an organism, inherited epigenetic factors and the environmental factors surrounding the plant (John, 2000).
On the other hand, the genotype can be defined as the coded inheritable material contained in the chromosomes of the organism’s cell (Russel, 2000). All living cells in plants carry the genetic information that is passable from parents to their offspring. The constitution of the body and the phenotype are dependent on the genotype of that organism. Organisms can have the same genotype but have a different appearance. This is caused by differences in phenotype as well as the environmental conditions to which the organism is exposed to in its life.
There are several differences between genotype and phenotype apart from their mere de...