Policy Network Model (Term Paper Sample)

Policy Network Model
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OUTLINE
1 Abstract
2 Introduction
3 Policy Network
4 Policy Network Models
5 Network and Governance
6 Legitimacy
7 Democratization
8 Causes of Democratization
9 Criticism on Network Models Approach
10 Foundations of the Network Models
Network Management
Pluralism
Conception of Power
Conclusions
References
Abstract
The writer is going to analyze major concepts involved in policy network theories. This will include network management an approach that will touch on government powers and related institutions as well as strategic plans. I will argue on the basis of the legitimacy of the government and its role as far as the network policies are concerned. The influence of pluralism to network model will be put into perspective. Theoretical concepts are the one that will help to point out the significance of particular policies. This is after shading light on various network policies theories. Liberal modernization as well as democratization is a key concept that will help analyze this problem critically.
Introduction
Policy Network
Policy network was first developed in London and is recognized globally. It is a long term avenue of implementing policies during any seated debates drawn from different aspects of life (David 2010). The idea is to promote long term ideas based on democratization. In this case, they uphold that challenges experienced globally must be solved with a long lasting solution. Following this end, it works closely with democratic government globally through avenues like politics, implementation of policies and strategies that will induce development (David 2010). This has resulted in the formation of centre-left strategy which is referred to as the political spectrum or organizations that have common goal to achieve (Jefferess 2008). The ideology is meant to cover at the centrist of any particular country. The main agenda in the centre left is to put into practice social grounds like liberalism and democracy as well as the progression of any given country. Some areas may touch on green politics which aim s at formulating a democracy that is rooted from local level to international level. The green politics emerged in the early 1970 and is has spread almost the whole world (Jefferess 2008).
This group spearhead on economy that comprises of both public and private sectors. Some of these sectors include global health care, child care and so on. The reason behind this is to acquire better services for any given citizen. A good example is the strategy suggested by the United States president Obama to have a global health care system. This is an appropriate move but is faced with various limitations such as cooperation of actors in a given network which the author will tackle later in this writing. Obama calls this a social security (David 2010). In this case, he assures the public that in case of any constraints like illness or unemployment national insurance will be in to help. In order to achieve this, the actors need to cooperate and distribute resources so as to have balanced system. In case of any imbalance some actors will withdraw from the system due to unsatisfied solutions. Replacing actor in the system is very expensive a factor the author is also going to touch in the cause of this writing.
Policy Network Models
Before I continue further I try to state what policy network model is all about. By virtue of understanding, policy network models are a concept used to describe policy structure in different institution and their powers. The models postulate that activities perceived to be informal are important as opposed to constitution and the related institutions (Thomas 2000). General characteristic on the community policy is exhibited by fewer participants but on the contrary, they form major agreements thereby resulting to a policy output. Apart from community network, there exist other forms of networks like issue network. In this case, they are normally exhibited by conflicts in the inside due to failure to arrive at a solid agreement. Again to note, issue network are larger compared to the community networks a sufficient reason that will lead to disagreement on the network models (Robert 1971). Policy network models is driving force that engage in strengthening of existing policies as well as enacting new ones in the system. Following this end, some authors have argued on the basis that government illegibility has resulted into inadequate implementation of the policies in their systems. As a result of this, various theories are in place to evaluate the performance and interaction of different actors in a given network. This is because; interaction is an important factor among the actors. If these factors are examined critically, general conclusions will be drawn on the altitude of various institutions as well as frameworks structural in the individual differences (Thomas 2000). Following this end, policy network models will be appropriate only if stability and equality is exercised in sectors dominated by many institutions.
Network and Governance
Various argument have been drawn on the subject that government is not the sole proprietor of every sector it governs. This is highly debated and thus many policies are assumed to be played by few actors in the governance there by demanding the fresh governance strategies that is applicable even to the public (Naeem 2004). This has lead to implementations of different reforms in different sectors.
The government is the one that control all the processes that exist in the society. Some processes are very complex to comprehend especially those that arise from the private sectors. Therefore, governance has different concepts that define its cause. There are many concepts that describe governance and the author is going to tackle only two. On the first case, governance has been identified itself as government by refusing to relate to governance (Naeem 2004). It postulates that governance is only used theoretically as well as interrelations of public and private actors only. In this case, governance is described as a network that is solely organized by it. On the second case, it contends that the there exist different view on the public governance with different role played by the government towards the society. Following this end the author is going to put into perspective the notion political legitimacy (Naeem 2004).
Legitimacy
As far as political science is concerned, political legitimacy is a widely used to describe law used in governance (Coline2007). In the government, authority secures a particular place in the existing government while legitimacy becomes a system of government. Consequently, the government would become an influence towards the other existing sectors in the sphere. Government without legitimacy will not operate smoothly and will eventually collapse. However, in cases where the government without legitimacy reigns, it is because of being regarded as legitimate by a small group of people who hold a lot of power on their side that is very influential (Colin 2004) .
In the 18th century in Europe, a movement group of high caliber realized the importance of human thought and science as opposed to the religious belief. One of the intellectuals was John Locke postulated that political legitimacy arose from a clearly and undirected consent. He argues particularly on the second treaties that government will only appear legitimate if it is reined by the consent of the governance (Thomas2000). Lock has influenced greatly the world as far as the political philosophy is concerned. Locke influences has landed squarely on the modern liberalism. During John Locke era, he influenced many in terms of liberty as well as social contract. Various authors were influenced by John Locke works including the founding fathers of the united state of America. This is illustrated by the fact that during independence, the American used one passage of the second treaties here in referred to as a long string of abuses as a declaration in their governance and freedom (Seymour 1959). To this end John Locke from 1690 has been referred to as the trigger of the modern conception. Most libertarians are associated with John Locke’s influence.
Still on the legitimacy, a German philosophy categorically stated that without legitimacy the government is powerless. This is what defines the government in its governance and all this should be exercised in consciousness.
There are three forms of legitimacy that are popularly known. These are traditional, charismatic and rational-legal legitimacy. On the first case, traditional legitimacy is recognized as a continuation from history to present. Many agree that this kind of legitimacy is obtained from societal customs that affirms that it is the way the society carries itself throughout history towards the future (Barrington 1966).
In the charismatic, it is different from traditional legitimacy in that is it obtained from a particular leader who has unique ideas and personality of charisma. This kind of the government is experiences some forms of weakness from one governance to the other this is so especially in absence of that charismatic leader. This does not last for so long especially if the leader does not have a successor (Seymour 1959).
On the last type of legitimacy, it is born from procedures guided by institutions. On the same note the reining government establishes law for the good of the public. In this case, the public will exercise full trust because they believe that the government will abide by the enacted enforcement of the law hence the rational-legal legitimacy.
Democratization
Democratization is a way a country move from one regime to another in terms of politics....