Proteinuria and the Onset of Chronic Kidney Disease Coursework (Coursework Sample)
THe paper was to be detailed as below:
Problem – Choose a disease and describe the protein detection method used to diagnose that
disease.
Introduction – Describe the disease and the marker (protein that needs to be detected to
diagnose the disease)
How sensitive is the detection method and what are the possibility of false positives.
Are there any alternatives being developed for the detection method? If there is a commercial
name of the method please mention it as well.
Conclusion and your viewpoint
Proteinuria and the Onset of Chronic Kidney Disease
Student’s Name
Institution
Problem
In a normal healthy adult, the rate of excretion of protein through urine is 100-150 mg or below, tested within a 24-hour period (Blaine, 2016; Jayne & Yiu, 2014). This value translates to an amount equal to or lower than 30mg per liter of urine. Urinary protein excretion exceeding this limit, to levels of 200mg/day (40mg/L) or more, is known as proteinuria. The presence of proteinuria is largely asymptomatic, but its diagnosis is one of the key indicators of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Testing urine samples is an important starting point in early detection and prevention of end-stage kidney disease (Jayne & Yiu, 2014).
One of the basic methods of detection of proteinuria is urine testing using a dipstick. In a normal adult, approximately 20% of urinary protein excretion is albumin (Blaine, 2016) while about 50% of this is Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) (Moxey-Mims, 2007). The standard dipstick detection method involves a reaction between a colorimetric indicator dye such as bromocrescol green and albumin to give a semi-quantitative result that is then used to grade the magnitude of proteinuria (Jayne & Yiu, 2014). Being semi-quantitative implies that the results obtained are highly dependent on factors such as urine concentration, sample contaminants, and urinary pH.
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