Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Coursework Sample)

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Risk Assessment of Chemicals
（Environmental Molecular Science) Report 1　　
Q1 Please, explain the legal regulation of chemical substances, such as food additives and pesticides. It is desirable to comments on the international and domestic in your country, respectively.
Under the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) branch, the federal government is the regulatory body that determines and creates legislation that governs the quality and safety of food products. In the U.S, under the food, drug, and cosmetic act of 1938, food additives under section 402(a) can be considered adulterated under the following circumstances. The first circumstance is that an additive is considered adulterated when it contains poisonous substances, such as pesticides and preservative chemicals that render it unhealthy for consumption. Another scenario is that food additives and pesticides are degraded when their quantity in food is harmful and can cause injury to the body. The second scenario is when the additive is required to produce food, and its presence deems the food unsafe. Still, it can only be accepted under the circumstances that the additive is mandatory for production. Still, its quantity should be regulated to its healthy levels (Enhancing the Regulatory Decision-Making Approval Process for Direct Food Ingredient Technologies). The FDA Act cuts across the United States but even in countries such as Canada. Food containing additives and pesticides that are deemed unhealthy is prohibited from being sold to consumers under the Health Protection Branch (HPB).
Q2 How we can determine the risk of chemicals quantitatively. Please, explain the methodology in assessing the risk of chemicals.
The determination of risk chemicals is done quantitatively in a risk assessment criterion while answering the associated risks at each step. The process can be done through the nine stages of assessment, and the first step is identifying the hazard associated with the applied chemical. The step answers the health effects and the environmental damage of the chemical used. The second step is identifying the relationship between the impact of the chemical and the response it has caused, and the step answers whether the induced effect is related to the chemical. The third step identifies the uncertainty effect from the laboratory setup that the chemical will produce. The step answers the future impact to be seen by the impact of the chemical.
The fourth step identifies the chemical sources, which can be through emissions to the environment or their presence in food. The step answers the source of the chemical and possible mitigation plans. The fifth step is to determine the concentration of exposure to determine the variations in concentration. The sixth step is to determine the risk quotient of the chemical by evaluating the groundwater, terrestrial and aquatic systems. The seventh step is classifying the risk through evaluation, and this creates a clear representation of chemicals with high to low risks. Last but not least is determining the relationship between the risk and its benefits; this step answers