Concept of Normality and Mental Health Briefing (Coursework Sample)

Concept of Normality and Mental Health Briefing
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Normality
The normality concept is clearly understood through physical illness, such as how the individual body is infected. Normality can be defined as emotional and mental illness, which is the interruption of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings. All types of disease are factors that result in the dysfunction of the normal human being. Normality can only be understood from the abnormality that seems to exaggerate an individual’s behavior and thinking (Esper, 1967). Everyone is different from one another in the way we think and do things. The same way people are other is the same way mental illness is various. They have been an argument among doctors and psychiatrists on the existence of normal and abnormal. For instance, some argue since orange blends closely with red, there is such a thing as orange, while others believe that there is no such thing as a mental disorder.
An abnormal person works with fulfilment in the workplace and relaxes when he is not at work. However, the defining quality of a normal person is the flexibility that enables him /her to adapt to different environments and situations such as stress and demands that he experiences in his life. A normal person is expected to tolerate loneliness, frustration, and conflict to some extent. Currently, it’s easy to define what is not normal than to determine what is normal. Mental health is a process of development, and mental illness is the factor that prevents mental health growth. Currently, there is no better way to differentiate an ordinary person and someone who is mentally ill.
Abnormality
Abnormality can only be understood through the application of psychological science that offers mental disorder treatments. In 2012, about 10.1% of individuals aged fifteen and above were diagnosed with one of Canada’s overall substance abuse disorders (Pearson & Ali, 2013). Currently, half a billion or more are suffering from the disease globally. Mental illness is more particularly worse in people belonging to the lower social-economic class and disadvantaged ethical groups. To understand the abnormal in psychology, it’s better first to understand the term eccentric. The general understanding of weird is a behaviour or something that is against the norms. Psychiatrists and doctors have used several approaches to define abnormality (Gejman, Sander & Duan, 2010). For instance, the Psychoanalytical approach; its roots can be traced back to sigmud Freud theories.
The psychoanalytical approach suggests that many abnormalities are from unconscious individual’s desires, thoughts, and memories. People are not aware of these feelings, but they still can manipulate the conscious events. The behavioral approach mainly focuses on individual behaviours that define abnormal behaviour ( Sawa & Snyder, 2002). The behaviour approach main targets the action and not the underlying factors behind the behaviour. Therapists apply operant conditioning and classical conditioning while dealing with abnormal behaviours. Furthermore, other approaches that can help define abnormality includes; medical and cognitive systems. An exception is a behavioral disorder that affects a large part of individual life. Health professionals create the statistical manual of mental disorder and diagnosis for certain functions. The manual contains these; diagnostic condition, diagnostic criteria, information on each illness, and psychiatric disease.
The main system for the classification of mental health
Medical conditions are nevertheless different from psychological disorders. For instance, psychological disease diagnosis is more challenging than medical conditions (Anderson & Ghaderi, 2006). Medical doctors can use an MRI scanner to see cancer cells in any part of the body, but there is no corresponding test applicable to a psychological disorder. The present research is initiating the role of brain structure in determining the psychological condition. However, individuals who have mental illnesses have the same brain, just like an ordinary person. Due to the lack of biological diagnosis, mental illnesses are diagnosed based on the clinical observation that focuses on individual behaviour.
The observation conducted over the periods discovered that behaviours and emotional states function more accepted deviant and normal to more unaccepted and abnormal (APA, 2013). The actions characterised as a disorder are just the same behaviours that we engage in every day in our normal lives. For example, washing hands currently is normal according to Covid-19 health requirements, but it can be overdone by obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Mental illness or abnormality is determined by the unusual behaviours and the maladaptive individual behaviours. For example, the extent to which it causes distress like pain and suffering Consider this scenario; intense fear on cockroach cannot be considered a psychological disorder unless accompanied by suffering such as not getting in the room occupied by the insect.
The DSM
Psychologists and doctors have come up with the means to determine whether the behaviour should be considered normal or a psychological disorder. The measures are in the manual called Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder(DSM). It’s a document that gives standard criteria and language to group the mental disorder (APA, 2013). For example, DSM-IV-TR was created by the World Health Organisation tenth version of the ICD-10, which is used as a guide globally. The DSM does not specify the disorder symptoms; rather, it uses the categories of victims whose symptoms are the same as the description of types considered to be disorder. Furthermore, it uses qualifiers to different the level of intensity within a variety. For example, mental retardation disorder can be classified as moderate, severe, mild.
Diagnosing Disorder
Talking to ourselves can be symptoms of Schizophrenia or unusual. However, doing it once a while does not prove I am abnormal. For instance, it’s normal to be depressed, but how extreme should depression be? Diagnosis of a disorder depends on the level intensity of that specific disorder. Diagnosing of disorder faces multiple occurrences of infection, such as anxiety, which is always accompanied by mood disorder (Kessler et al., 2005). Every culture and tradition has its viewing disorder; Ancient Hindi consider the psychological condition from witchcraft and sorcery. During middle age, mental illness was supposed to be possessed by an evil spirit. Another classification of mental health is conducted through; Asperger’s and Autistic disorder. Childhood diagnosis, historical development, cultural diagnosis, and Descriptive Vs. Somatic.
b) Psychoanalytical model
The model roots can be traced back to the theories of Sigmud Freud. The model suggests that abnormal behaviours are supported by unconscious memories, desire, and thoughts (Lina et al., 2019). These feelings are out of our control, but they influence our conscious events. The therapist who believes in this approach think they can analyse individual dreams, thought, and desire that people can uncover and correct to prevent distress.
Criticism of Psychoanalytical model
The psychoanalytical model assumes that since man evolves from an inferior animal, his behaviour is not different from an animal (Freud, 1953). Freud, in his study, viewed man’s behaviour from an animal perceptive. He was convinced that man is being controlled by life and death instinct. For example, life instinct is based on sexual desire, while the death instinct is based on aggression. The model offers a very limited presentation of man from an animalistic view. The Psychoanalytical model rest on the evolution theory of man. In his study on psychology, Brett stated that evolution theory was perhaps the best theory to differentiate man from animal. However, Freud believes that human being needs no different presumption from that of an animal.
Freud has sexualised human behaviour in all aspects of human activities (de Certeau, 2019). The model confirms that sexuality was fundamental for a nervous disorder and his explanation of suicidal urges is difficult to explain in practical. A case against Psychoanalysis book by Salter question Sigmud idea and she end up asking. “Are not his theories a vulgarisation of human nature, and do they not inflate the banal into the absurd?” Freud’s fundamental contribution to understanding man nature is majorly based on the unconscious mind, which the model has sexualised and showman as a dangerous monster. Furthermore, doctors’ psychoanalytic methodology to get proof from the patient is just facts planted in the mind of victims in which the psychoanalysis is searching.
The victims themselves cannot discover the unconscious, but the psychoanalytical suggests events hidden in the unconscious. Therefore, prove to obtain in such a manner cannot be considered objective or scientific (Salter, 1952). According to Salter’s evaluation, psychoanalytic have hidden the bisexual and sex envy of man. Moreover, as the victims are directed to dig where they are expected to discover the planted information, the model is convinced that it is true. This model appears to grow knowledge in victims’ minds, and the patients are trained to discover what they never had in the initial place. These led to confirm the accusation made by Kraus that “Psychoanalysis is the disease it purports to cure.” Using the Survey of Objective Studies of Psychoanalytic Concepts, Sears c...