Sociology: Functionalism Included The Macro Theory (Coursework Sample)

Introduction Sociology is mainly determine the human social relationship between people and the institutions (Keeton 2014). Sociology is diverse from religion, area, culture, economy, family states, beliefs, norms etc.  Sociology’s main objective is understanding of the human actions and their consciousness this will influence by the surrounding culture and social structures (Keeton 2014).  Even though there are several methods to simplify the sociology widely used methods is macrosociology and microsociology. Macro sociology mainly focuses on the big picture rather than considering the small aspects of the society such as social structure, political, social institutions and the economic change (Schillo et al. 2001). In other hand microsociology considers about the coworkers, small group of people, social settings etc. (Schillo et al. 2001). Social changes may occur due to the international, national and natural forces. The characteristic of social changes can be categorized as follows social changes are universal no society remains constant, different factors will affect the social changes, according community and external factors the changing speed will differ, social change is a community change by changing the individuals or the particular families will not change the society, speed of the social change not unique the changes will depend on the external and internal factors,  social change is natural it might be occur naturally or the planned efforts, social change cannot be predicted no one can assume how society will act in the future, social change will happen with chain reaction sequences hence there are is relationship between the changes  one change inter connected to the other changes, social changes will not occur due to the particular one factor it is normally occur due to the interconnected factors and social changes occur due to the modifications or alternatives of the society (Greenwood & Guner 2008). When evaluate society how changed over the years or whether contemporary society has changed, we can consider this in four theoretical aspects. Those are functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism and utilitarianism (rational choice theory or exchange theory) (Zafirovski 2005).         Functionalism Functionalism is included in the macro theory. This theory indicates that the social stability very important for the strong society (Sato 2011). According to this theory social intuitions play a huge role in the social stability. Further this theory indicates slow changes are desirable to the society compared to the rapid changes in the society (Sato 2011).  When the societies are small and the simple there neediness also simple most of the people in that particular society perform same level of the skill and the performance. When the societies grow and enlarge the new roles and responsibilities will arise, new skills will be needed to perform the works and people’s need will increase. To perform this requirements professional skills will be needed so people tend to learn new things, learn new technologies, innovations, professional skills etc. This will make the changes in the society. For an example previous era’s people mainly depend on the agriculture and farming (Lucchesi & Proctor 2012). So the people able to fulfill their needs from their agriculture and their farming sectors. Most of the people are uneducated semi skill workers and labors.  When the people’s needs gradually increase then the industrial era arise then the people tend live the places where the industries arisen to fulfill their essential requirements, when the industries raised to control and manage the people the management skills should be needed so to maintain the equilibrium of the society people learn the skills and technology this will enable the change in the society (Lucchesi & Proctor 2012).   The population growth highly influence the social changes in different ways (Barbara 2008). For an example when the societies population increase the children between 5-17 years old children also will increase in the society so to fulfill their education requirements people have to build the schools and new class rooms this will increase the teachers requirement, carpenters, engineers, constructions equipment etc. To fulfill this requirements people have to learn lot of professional skills and other skills to fulfill this requirements people shift to the towns from the villages where they can learn professional skills this will make huge changes in the society. In the economy wise to government has to allocate resources to facilitate those requirements, so government will import taxes to fulfill this public requirements eventually these procedures will make changes in the society. Technology is the branch of knowledge that deals with the creation, use of technical means and their  interrelation with life, society, environment and drawing upon such subjects industrial  arts, engineering, applied science and pure science (Wahab et al. 2011). The latest and greatest technology became a part of the human’s life there by it has improved and changed our society significantly in many ways. Technology has changed our life and made our life's easier. Technology is the easiest way  way for the poor to gain wealth. Before the age of information technology, the rich people had exclusive access to information that could be exploited the poor people (Britz 2004). It kept the poor in the dark so they could not get the secrets to success in business as a result it made the rich remain rich and the poor remain poor. With the invention of the internet it made the information more accessible to the poor as the rich people so there is less of a gap between poor and rich when accruing the technology as a result of this middle class people arisen in the society and the overall economy got better (Britz 2004). Then many people got opportunity for jobs and moved to the cities where there were many more jobs and an easier access to supplies. And with the cities growing in size and popularity the quality of life for many was increased. This is how technology has changed the society and improved our quality of life. Technology impacts the environment, people and the society as a whole. There are both positive and negative impact on the society by the technology improvement (Russell 1952). The way the society use technology determines if the impacts are positive to the society or negative. Technology also has negatively affected our society with the invention of the cell phone, our society is changed so dramatically that it impacted most things people do. For an example the cell phone has hurt our society in three distinctive ways. The first way is it reduced self-reliance. With the cell phone if someone has a problem they can just call for help instead of trying to find a solution for it on our own. The next way the cell phone is affecting our society negatively is it is decreasing our time management skills. The final way the cell phone is hurting our society is it is affecting our ability to communicate to one another. Eventually this will negatively influence the social development.   Introduction of the computers, internet and smart phones drastically changed the society particularly youth in the world.  Simply now world has reduced when it is come to the communication. Compared to the current situation previously communication was very hard if the people have to communicate on area to another area the communication cost very high as well as the procedures also very big. For an example if a student studying in the overseas previously if he wants to communicate with his family or parents he has to communicate via the letter this will take more than two weeks but now within one second any one can communicate to anyone in the world  this is because of the technology development. Introduction of the social medias such as Facebook, twitter, you tube, what sup and the Skype increase interactions between people all over the world (Baruah 2012). Interactions between the cultures, societies, values influence the change in the society.   The beginning of the 20^th century car was initiated  this innovation highly influence the changes in the society such as building the high ways, people tend to live far from the urban areas, highways are build, village people more interact with the urban people this had made huge impact on the social change. Other than this thousands of people started dye because of the road accidents and environmental pollutions because of this environmental laws raised to protect the environment. Improvements of the transportation, culture, norms and values are mixed between urban society and village society.   According to this theory assume that changes are positive to the society it will increase the boding of the society. Sometimes changes will negatively impact on the society as well as reduce the society bonding for an example even though there are lots of benefits in the technology development some time it will negatively affect the people specially children will adapted to social medias this will negatively influence their studies and reduce the family bonding because they do not have sufficient time to discuss with their family because of the social medias. Main drawback of this theory is if the changed is fast or quick then that change will negatively affect the society. In the real world we can see lot of examples that the fast or quick changes positively affect the society and the social bonding. For an example sudden political changes in certain countries such as government changes positively influence their economy.   Conflict Theory Mainly this theory talks about the two classes of t...