Comparsion of the Structure and Functions of DNA and RNA (Essay Sample)

Compare the structure and functions of DNA and RNA.
Elements needed to build and sustain existence, like DNA and RNA, exist in both plant and animal cells. The composition of DNA is similar to RNA, except that both are composed of the same fundamental units: a phosphate group, pentosis sugar and a nitrogen base. Their structure is close to that of RNA. DNA has desoxyribose (missing OH group on 2 'carbon), whereas RNA has ribose (having the OH group on 2' carbon). Pentose sugars are different from DNA and RNA. Both the nucleotides in DNA and RNA have one of four potential nitrogen bases, two pyrimidine and two purines. Cytosine, adenine, and guanine may be built on both DNA and RNA, although the RNA has uracillus as the last foundation for the DNA with thymine. Structurally, the individual strands of DNA and RNA are identical, as covalent phosphodiester links between the 5 'phosphate group of one nucleotide and the 3' hydroxyl (OH) group of another are associated with each other. But DNA is usually present in an anti-parallel double-helix format, whereas RNA is normally used in single-beams.
The functionality of RNA and DNA is also different. DNA is the way to store genetic material in cells and to cause new cells (meiosis, mitosis) or species to be produced through semi-conservative replication (fusion of haploid gametes). Thus, DNA is present only in the nucleus and mitochondria, where it is super condensed and then chromosomally arranged. On the other hand, RNA is generated by the transcription process and permits the translation process-the exhibition in the form of proteins of genetic material. This is done in two ways: mRNA strings for different amino acid sequences-which constitute proteins-using the codon code, and certain RNA can be traduced by a secondary dual-strand arrangement (rid