Critique: Interaction of Filipino Time and Informal Power Dynamics (Essay Sample)

Critique: Interaction of Filipino Time and Informal Power Dynamics in the University of the Philippines School of Economics
Salgado, Michell Mari Mae
Department, University
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Introduction
Title: The Interaction of Filipino Time and Informal Power Dynamics in the University of the Philippines School of Economics A Case Study
Author: Rafael John Sabado Maliwanag
Date: December 2019
Thesis Statement: Filipino Time affects the national identity of Filipinos. The elaboration of Filipino time promotes the approach of indigenization from within that is relevant to the cultural revalidation and redefinition of negative Filipino concepts.
Summary
           In the study of Maliwanag (2019), he elaborated on the concept of “Filipino Time” and its relationship to “Informal Power Dynamic” among the freshman students at the University of the Philippines College of Economics. Filipino Time is known as a negative Filipino trait of unpunctuality. He argued that Filipino time is related to informal power dynamics, which is the level difference of authority or control, because having the ability to make others wait, is an expression of power. The research presented that the differences in social class, family influence, and academic consequences create informal power dynamics that influence the prevalence of Filipino Time among students. 
           In social classes, students in higher social classes are more prone to commit Filipino time because of their “internal” attitude about the availability of resources to immediately travel while students in lower classes are committing Filipino time because of “external” factors, such as difficulty in public transportation. Family attitude is a factor of Filipino time because parents which believe that social gatherings always start late instill to their children that being late is acceptable while parents that tell their children to respect the time of others will show a different attitude.