Theories Of Technology And Development Writing Assignment (Essay Sample)

Theories of Technologies and development
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Theories of technologies and development
There are various theories which attempt to address technology and also same theories are connected with the field of science and technology studies plus studies of communication. In general, these theories try to address the relationship between societies, technology and prompt questions about determinism, agency as well as teleology. These theories are grouped into two broad forms; and these types are critical and descriptive.
For the case of descriptive theories they try to address the authentic substance and definition of technology, it also explains how certain means change with time, the emergency of various issues, and relationship of natural phenomenon to the social sphere and large human scope of disposal. Thus for more substantively descriptive theories addresses the scope at which technology is independent and how such kind of force posse in determining all form of social structure and human practice. On the other hand, critical technological theories in many cases, takes a descriptive assumption as its foundation and articulate all available concerns by examining the type of approaches such form of relationship could be changed.
A number of technological theories in many times have submitted economic policy, economic history, bourgeois political economy, and sociology to reconsideration from the point of view of technological determinism. Thus technological determinism has been on the forefront in the inflated reaction of all social sciences to the many processes of industrial mutiny. At the similar occasion, since the leading function of the invention in social growth, it has as well acknowledged the fundamental function of prolific forces in the growth and development of production.
The preliminary tenets of modern technological theories took its course of action and shape in America in the mid-1920s; as the working class thrash on the technological products that was then restructured by Taylor plus other specialists on assembly-line and industrial organization of work. Additionally, by 1940’s the most important tenets of theories of the technology evolved under the influence of Drucker in his super theory of industrial society. Consequently, by 1950’s such thoughts expanded into the concept of an automated economy.
By 1970’s, the theories of technological production along with social development had developed into other two autonomous offshoots. In which, the ecological theories examine the destructive machinery effects and natural technology. The theories of human capital examine the impact of innovative machinery as well as technology on the expansion of consumption patterns, labor force, and human needs. However, a number of proponents of theories and development of technological nevertheless still utilize the concepts that developed by neo-Keynesian and neoliberal economists.
Technological theories portray the entrepreneur social relationship of ownership simply as the supremacy of scientific as well as technological prudence, advanced technology, and scientific knowledge. The corporations are observed as the scientifically conditioned complexes motivating engines of development and like entities working in the interests of the consumer of the steady growth of production. The modern technocratic theories normally refute the significance of capitalist possession of capitalist economy and thus deny all technique to struggle by the working people for the societal change of capitalist social order.
Actor-network theory; this kind of technology posits a varied network of both non-humans and humans as the same unified actors. Actor-network theory strives for neutrality in the portrayal of nonhuman and human actors along with the reintegration of social and natural worlds. For example, the technology that is generated by humans, replaces actions of human nature and also shapes all actions of the human (O’Callaghan, Daigger, Adapa, & Buisman, 2018).
While Structuration technological theory defines many structures as resources and rules organized as social systems of properties; the theory makes use of a recursive concept of actions that are constrained as well as enabled by structures that are formed and reproduced by such action. Thus, within this Structuration theory of technology is not turned into as a work of art, but as an alternative examines how individuals, as they act together with a skill in the constant practices, ratify structures that shape emergent as well as situated usage of such form of technology.
Another technology is the Systems theory. This considers the most historical growth and development of technology plus media with a prominence on apathy as well as heterogeneity, by so doing, stressing connections among the artifact made and the economic, social, political and cultural factors. In this form of theory, the major key concepts comprise of reverse salient’s when such system lag elements in growth and development in regard to others (Zheng, Hatakka, Sahay & Andersson, 2018).
Additionally, another technological development theory is the activity theory. This particular theory considers the whole work together with activity system comprising of organizations and teams beyond one user. Activity theory accounts for a history of the people, environment, culture, motivations, a function of the artifact, as well as intricacy of authentic life activity. However, the strengths of activity theory are that this theory bridges the gap that might be seen between the social reality and an individual subject. On the other hand, activity theory studies both in the course of the mediating activity. The analysis unit in activity theory is the perception of collective, object-oriented and culturally human-mediated activity along with the activity system
Another one is the theories of technological redistribution where income has revitalized the outset of profit as a compensation for all possible risk, for innovation. For example, Schumpeter and Drucker an outset that extremely denies the reality of manipulative monopoly profits. They do so by to oppose salaries and wages, and they scrutinize salaried human resources as the most growing and independent class. However, another type of technological theories portrays mechanization as anticipated transition under which the fundamental mass of the inhabitants comes to depend on the nation for its source of revenue or to serve the technocratic leaders.
Technological theories of social and classes groups have come out as one of the bases of Western sociology and have established a residence in the weapon store of the rightist communal Democrats, revisionists and leftist groups (Karanasios, 2018).
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