Differences Between Diabetes Type 1 Or Juvenile, Type 2, And Gestational (Essay Sample)

Diabetes and Drug Treatments
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Section one
Diabetes refers to the number of diseases that are the result of hormone insulin problem which occurs when the pancreas an organ responsible for the production of insulin hormone fails to produce sufficient insulin to control the blood sugar in the human body (Sanders, Lewis, Quick, and McKenna, 2012).A number of alterations occur when left untreated including heart diseases, kidney failure, blindness, and stroke. There are various types of diabetes namely: diabetes type 1 or Juvenile diabetes, diabetes type2 and Gestational diabetes. This section represents the difference between the above-mentioned types of diabetes and their treatments.
Differences between diabetes type 1 or juvenile, type 2, and Gestational
Diabetes type 1 also referred to as juvenile diabetes develops when the body immune system harms the cells producing insulin found in the pancreas, altering the production of insulin. This type of diabetes occurs in children and sometimes can occur in adulthood, it is estimated that 5 to 10 percent of diabetic patients have type 1or juvenile diabetes and can be managed by taking insulin through injections or pump (Sanders et al, 2012). On the other hand, type 2 diabetes develops when the pancreas fails to generate adequate insulin or the insulin produced doesn’t work effectively in controlling the blood sugar. Diabetes type 2 majorly develops in adulthood and over 90 percent of diabetic patients have type 2 diabetes. Treatment of type 2 diabetes can be done through oral medication and adopting healthy lifestyle such as exercising and eating carbohydrates. Whereas, Gestational diabetes develops during pregnancy which happens when pregnancy hormones hinder the function of the insulin resulting to increase in blood sugar levels. The severity of this diabetes can be reduced by doing physical exercise and healthy eating until delivery (Sanders et al, 2012).
Section two
Type 2 diabetes mellitus drug preparation and administration
Immediately a patient is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, education on diet and lifestyle changes should be done. A moderate exercise per week to reduce the body weight, that is, approximately 150 minutes exercise per week should be recommended. In addition, a metformin drug therapy or monitoring of lifestyle changes within a period of four months should be initiated for patients with mildly increasing A1C of between 6.5 to 7%. Moreover, immediate administration of metformin is done to the patient diagnosed with A1C over 7% provided there are no inconsistencies reported. In this case, the patient will start with 500mg dosage once in a day and it is titrated up gradually to prevent gastrointestinal consequences, the dosage can be titrated up after every two weeks to 500 mg two times daily. Notably, the patient remains on this dosage until three months A1C monitoring. In instances where the patient is not recording any improvement, the dosage can be increased to 1000mg titrated up twice daily to 850 mg thrice daily with an assessment (Cavaiola and Pettus, 2017). Additionally, there are dietary recommendations for type 2 diabetes patients on the amount of calories and carbohydrates they are supposed to consume which largely depends on the age, sex, height, weight, and level of activity. For instance, the caloric intake for active men and women is estimated to be 15cal/lb while for the pregnant and lactating mothers is between 15 and 17. Similarly, consuming alcohol and fruit juice should be done under maximum monitoring to prevent an increase in blood sugar and meals timing should be done to avoid such issues as low blood sugar.
Short-term and long-term effect of type 2 diabetes
Discussed below is the long-term and long-term effects of diabetes type 2:
Short-term effects of diabetes type 2
The patient suffers from hypoglycemia. A condition that records a blood below 4.0mmol/l leading to increased heart rate, weakness, tiredness as well as feeling confused (Inzucchi et al, 2015).
Leads to Ketoacidosis. A condition that can result in vomiting, dehydration, and coma among the type 2 diabetes patients. It is a dangerous condition which occurs when insulin is too low to refuel body cells (Inzucchi et al, 2015).
Long-term
Causes macrovascular and microvascular diseases.
Diabetes type 2 can injure the arteries, veins, and capillaries resulting to macrovascular and microvascular disease leading to long-term complication including stroke, heart attack, kidney failure and nerve issues due to constriction of the blood vessels that fail to pum...