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Nursing theories can be advanced using either a deductive or an inductive approach. During theory developed, these phases often occur in turns, meaning that the development process may begin either using an inductive or deductive approach. The method used depend on the nature of the previous data provided. An inductive approach in theory development is used when the main objective is to form the theory on a subject on which little information is available (Kanste, Kääriäinen, & Kyngäs, 2019). The approach may also be used when the information provided is incomplete or when the main objective is to locate a fresh perspective on the subject provided. Theory development using the inductive approach is based on personal observations (Dudley-Brown, 2017). The theory may also be developed by drawing observations from different individuals and reconciling the drawn conclusions. When constructing the theory using a deductive approach, generalization of observations is the starting point conformity rule, followed by division into smaller units, and then rendering them into a concrete form (Kanste, Kääriäinen, & Kyngäs, 2019). Deductive theory suggests progress from general to an individual level (Elo, Saarnio, & Isola, 2011). In theory development, both deductive and inductive approaches are used collaboratively either as deductive-inductive or inductive-deductive formation.
In this piece, I will develop a middle-range theory by using a multi-level inductive-deductive approach. Development of the theory will entail selection and synthesis of theoretical concepts, the definition of relationships between those concepts, setting and testing hypotheses, and finally staging and authentication of the theory (Dudley-Brown, 2017). The first two phases of the development will entail an inductive approach, and the last two steps will involve a deductive approach. The inductive approach will encompass gathering of new information centered in interviews, analysis of the data using an inductive approach, development of hypothetical models on the social, symbolic, and physical environment. The deductive approach will follow and will entail operationalization of concepts of the theoretical models and forming items, setting and testing hypotheses, approving or discarding assumptions, and developing the theory (Kanste, Kääriäinen, & Kyngäs, 2019). I tested the theory