Information on the Human Rectum (Essay Sample)

Information on the Human Rectum Author’s name Institutional affiliation Course Instructor’s name Date Information on the Human Rectum Performing rectum examination as elaborated by Herrero et al. (2023) requires lateral positioning, flexing the hips, and positioning the buttocks at the examination table’s edge. Thereafter, exposing the anal verge and natal cleft by parting the buttocks enables inspection of the anal margin. The next procedure is lubricating the index finger using a water-soluble gel, and pressing the finger against the anal margins’ posterior (Herrero et al., 2023). Upon slipping the finger into the anal canal, one should direct the fingertip to the posterior by focusing on the sacral curve and evaluating the anal tone by squeezing the finger with the anal muscles. Finally, feeling the rectum's walls with 180 degrees finger movement enables further examination of the rectum's walls. The structure of the anal rectum (anorectum) according to Lee and Kim (2018) is characterized by a conjoined longitudinal muscle that joins with the striate muscle associated with the levator ani. The main function of the anorectum is maintaining continence. Essentially, Wang and Wiseman (2019) elaborate that the rectum is a part of the sigmoid colon as it is located close to the sacral promontory. Moreover, Wang and Wiseman (2019) postulate that the taenia coli differentiates the rectum from the colon, and this organ is supported by the anterior-posterior flexures. Additionally, the rectum system functions as part of digestion as it connects the gastrointestinal tract and the anus. The rectum muscles through the stretch receptors identify when the organ is full, thus stimulating the excretion urge via the anal sphincter. The ampulla, which is connected to the pelvic diaphragm, is another area of the rectum. Notably, the rectum temporarily stores feces, and functions as a defecation control. The structure of the peritoneal reflection as presented by Kalra et al. (2022) encompasses mesothelial cells, which are aided by the fibrous tissue. Also, Kalra et al. (2022) explain that the peritoneal reflection is connected with the abdominal cavity and functions as a support system for abdominal organs. Moreover, peritoneal reflection is a pathway for the blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics (Kalra et al., 2022). Regarding the prostate, Ittmann (2017) alludes that the prostate’s location is frontal to the rectum and beneath the urinary bladder. The human prostate according to Ittmann (2017) is structured with diverse histological zones, including the central, peripheral, and transition zones. Other compositions of the prostate are the acini and ducts, which constitute three cell types: neuroendocrine, luminal, and basal (Ittmann, 2017). Emphasizing the function of these three cells, Henry et al. (2018) propound that the basal cell produces cytokeratin 5 and p63, which is a transcription element. Henry et al. (2018) emphasizes that luminal produce cytokeratin 8 and secretory proteins. Overall, a comprehensive structure and function of the prostate is crucial to solving the etiology of prostate cancer. Patient education on rectum examination is essential in detecting and preventing anorectal complications such as hemorrhoids and anal cancer. Supporting this sentiment, Faifi et al. (2023) elucidate that healthcare professionals should actively inform and educate patients on the importance of evaluating the rectum, and prioritize addressing patients' misconceptions regarding rectum examination. Conclusively, self-examination ...