Reporting About Infectious Diseases There Dangers And How They Can Be Prevented (Essay Sample)

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IntroductionChlamydia Trachomatis is the organism which causes illnesses such as STD Chlamydia and trachoma. Chlamydia is the most common STD.
There are two main stages in Chlamydia's life which are reticulate bodies and elementary bodies. Another element of Chlamydia is that they are incapable of synthesizing their energy (ATP) and are reliant on the energy of their host . The organism is usually in the elementary stage of Chlamydia life when it attacks its host and is picked up by phagocytosis. It stops the synthesis of the lysosome phagosome. This is usually what destroys pathogens. Once the phagolysosome production is stopped, the microorganisms secrete glycogen convert into the reticulate body/form. Reticulate bodies acquire energy by emitting forth “straw-like” objects into the host body cell cytoplasm, and they split through binary fission. (Carey & Beagley, 2010)
How Chlamydia affects the body The most common way to get Chlamydia is through sexual intercourse with an affected individual. Newborns may get infected by affected mothers during childbirth. Typically, it causes pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women, which is a result of the host’s inflammatory response. Other diseases include ocular infections such as conjunctivitis and blindness. Neonates are especially vulnerable to conjunctivitis and pneumonia if the mother is infected. Trachoma is a disease that is caused by inflammation in the conjunctiva and subsequent scarring of the cornea, which could lead to blindness. Causes of ChlamydiaIt’s caused by bacteria called Chlamydia trachomatis, which can live in the uterus (womb), the rectum, vagina and cervix (entrance to the womb), the urethra (tube where urine out) and sometimes the throat and eyes. Anyone who’s sexually active can get it and pass it on. Risk Factors of Chlamydia Any sexually active person can be affected with chlamydia. It is a common STD among young people. It is approximated that 1 in 20 sexually active young women aged 14 between 24 years has chlamydia. Young people who are sexually active are at high risk of getting chlamydia for a combination of biological, behavioral, and cultural reasons. Some young people don’t use condoms consistently. Some teenagers may move from one monogamous relationship to the next quickly than the reasonable infectivity period of chlamydia, thus increasing the danger of transmission. Adolescent girls and young women may have cervical ectopy (where cells from the endocervix are present on the ectocervix). Cervical ectopy may enhance sensitivity to chlamydial infection. The higher prevalence of chlamydia among young women and men also may reflect various barriers to reaching STD prevention services, such as lack of transportation, cost, and perceived stigma.
Men who engage themselves in sexual activities with other men are also at risk for contracting chlamydia since chlamydia can be spread by anal or oral sex. (Carey & Beagley, 2010) Complications related to ChlamydiaThe health outcomes for women who are affected by chlamydia may be real and life-threatening. Chlamydia diseases put women at a heightened risk of contracting pelvic inflammatory disorder, infertility, or perihepatitis (Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome). Additionally, negative results include chronic ectopic pregnancy and pelvic.
Infection which occurs while pregnant spreads the risk of poor outcomes for the fetus. Complications may include preterm labor, miscarriage, premature rupture of membranes, low birth weight, and infant death. In men, outcomes may include epi-didymo orchitis, leading to infertility. A chlamydia infection may also increase a person's susceptibility to HIV if exposed. For men and women who are already co-infected with HIV, a concurrent chlamydia infection may increase shedding of the virus.
Reactive arthritis (Reiter syndrome), conjunctivitis, a triad of aseptic arthritis, and nongonococcal urethritis can also transpire. Chlamydia-induced reactive arthritis is believed to be underdiagnosed, and emerging data suggest that asymptomatic chlamydia infections may be a common cause. Studies suggest that prolonged antimicrobial therapy, up to six months of combination antibiotics, may be effective . (Carey & Beagley, 2010) Sign and Symptoms of ChlamydiaA symptom is any intuitive indication of illness, while a sign is any external or real proof of illness. Hence, a symptom is a sensation that is encountered by the person affected by the illness, while a sign is a fact that can be identified or recognized by character other than the person affected by the illness.
Symptoms of Chlamydia Trachomatis disease in women may consist of abdominal pain, low-grade fever, painful intercourse, burning with urination, an urge to urinate more often and discomfort with urinating. In men it causes pain and burring during urination.
SignsSigns of Chlamydia includes bleeding amid periods, bleeding after having sexual encounter, virginal discharge, swelling in the vagina or around the anus, penile discharge(Eley & Pacey, 2010)
Definitive diagnosis and Test of Chlamydia Diagnosis of chlamydia
Diagnosing chlamydia may involve a physical examination by health practitioners to look for the presence of physical signs such as discharge, and will also include either a swab sample from the urethra, penis throat, cervix or rectum, or a urine sample.
Chlamydia screening
As chlamydial infection generally presents no symptoms, health professionals in most nations recommend screening for some people. The CDC recommends chlamydia screening for: pregnant women, women under 25 years, high-risk females and males
How is chlamydia screening done?
For Women - They can go through the procedure in the lab or at home , either with a urine sample or by taking a swab from the lower vagina. The swab is set in a container and sent to a laboratory.
Men - A urine test is most commonly used. Various types of lab tests can recognize bacteria. Laboratory tests utilize a specimen of urine, blood, sputum, or tissue from the patient’s body. The Lab test are explained below(Eley & Pacey, 2010)
Dyed (Stain) and studied under a microscope
When a bacterium is recognized, the doctor carry out tests to figure out which drugs are most efficacious against the bacteria this is known as susceptibility tests, and efficient treatment plan can be begin. Staining and Test Using a Microscope
Doctors at times can recognize a microorganism by observing at it under a powerful microscope. Most cases are treated through the use of dyes(stain). The Stains are certain dyes that illuminate the bacteria, prompting them to stand out from the sample. Some bacteria have a distinctive shape, size and colors allow specialists to identify them.
For bacteria, examination medical specialist often uses Gram stain (a violet-colored stain). Bacteria are classified as follows gram-negative or gram-positive, medical specialists make treatment plan based on this.Culture of bacteria/Microorganisms.
Normally, medical specialist sample few bacteria to look at under a microscope or to be recognized using additional examinations. Thus, medical specialists usually attempt to grow culture of the bacterium in a lab until there are adequate to single out.
Urinalysis
Urine examinations, provides for the fast evaluation of the urine. Special strips react by changing colors when dropped into a urine specimen testing for glucose, glucose and different materials that may suggest contamination. The urine also is studied under a powerful microscope to observe the presence of microorganisms.
Stool tests
Doctors are able to analyze the stool through various of ways. Doctors can prove for the existence of disease-breeding bacteria, blood, Pus or foreign substances. Stool can also be cultured for bacteria that may lead to diseases such as typhoid fever. The appearance of the stool may provide proof as to the origin of the problem. Blood tests
Blood tests can be utilized to examine for common indications of disease or to diagnose a particular contamination. A complete blood count measures the various components that form up blood e.g. white cells, red blood cells.We find that during a bacterial contamination, the amount of white cells is generally raised to help fight off disease.
Antibody and antigen tests
Antibody tests are usually utilized to analyze many contagious diseases.
Unlike antibody tests which tends to look at individual's response to a contamination, antigen tests reveal the existence of the organic structure by finding the particular proteins that the toxic organism contains on its surface. Unlike antibody probes the existence of antigens most likely suggests the contamination is present at that time(Eley & Pacey, 2010)
Treatment of Chlamydia
Treatment to stabilizeChlamydia can be easily cured with antibiotics drugs such as tetracyclines, erythromycin, and sulfonamides. HIV-positive persons who are suffering from chlamydia should undergo the same medication as those who are HIV-negative.
Persons suffering from chlamydia should refrain from sexual intercourse for a period of 7 days after single dose antibiotics or until the end of a 7-day course of antibiotics, to counter spreading the infection to companions. It is essential to take all of the prescribed medication to cure chlamydia. Med...