Chankillo Astronomical Complex: Thirteen Towers of Chankillo, Viewed from the Fortress (Essay Sample)

Chankillo Astronomical Complex
Name
Proffers name
Course
Date
 INCLUDEPICTURE "-wisdom.com/Images/countries/American%20pics/chankillo1.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET 

Thirteen Towers of Chankillo, viewed from the fortress
Chankillo is an archaeological comprehensive with ritual, administrative, astronomical, and defensive purpose. The astronomical function defines the universal value. Using sufficient evidence, it has been found that between 500-200 BC people on site from direct observations of the faction of the Sun with the purpose of regulating seasonal events such as the religious festival and upholding the seasonal calendar. Unlike the other so-called "Observatory" subject to places around the world, unequivocally, select only one or two dates, solar observations at Chankillo it covers the whole annual cycle. At sunrise and sunset observations to solar alignment on an artificial horizon, it proved the possible to identify with precision the dates or equinoxes and solstices, as well as another date during the seasonal cycle of the Sun. In this sense Chankillo Astronomical Observatory is exceptional and unique not in Peru or the United States but global.
Chankillo is located in the Peru, Ancash region, 365 kilometers north of Lima, and 15 kilometers of the Pacific ocean coast. It is on Andes mountain range lying on the West, this is considered as one of the driest deserts in the world, a landscape with hills, valleys and Plains, which remained relatively unchanged since the geological Pleistocene. Chankillo is in details beside the southern branch of the Casma-Sechin River basin, irrigated Valley stands the hardy foothills on the western hill of Andes. Like many of the Peruvian coastal valleys, all valleys Casma and Sechin long have been an ' Oasis ' for settlement in an otherwise inhospitable desert.
The complex was built of cut stone and includes a reinforced temlme, a plaza, nearby thirteen towers Solar Observatory, as well as a living and collection areas. The thirteen towers are interpreted as an astronomical observatory. The culture that produced the Chankillo is unknown. The old archaeological site consists of a fort, located on a hilltop and thirteen towers Solar Observatory, as well as residential and gathering areas. It was occupied for a relatively short period between the mid-fourth century BC and early first century AD. Located between two surveillance platforms, the thirteen astronomical towers covers the complete annual setting and rising semicircle of the sun, which reallocate north and south alongside the horizon slowly over the whole of the year. What makeup Chankillo so significant is the fact that, archaeologists stated that, it was the earliest known Astronomical Observatory in America built, some 2300 years ago.
The thirteen towers of Chankillo would be the earliest known Observatory in America. The thirteen regularly spaced towers were built on top of a ridge of low hills, located in the vicinity from North to South. They form a "toothed" horizon with narrow gaps at regular intervals. There are two possible observation spots, in the East and the West. From these viewpoints, the 300 m long spread of the towers along the horizon corresponds closely with rising and setting positions of the Sun around the year, although they are not all visible. Throughout the winter solstice, the Sun would set behind the leftmost tower of Chankillo and rise behind each of the towers in anticipation of it reaching the rightmost tower six months later on the summer solstice. Residents of Chankillo might have been to get an accurate date, within an error of one day or two, by the study the sunset or sunrise from the accurate Tower.
Research has shown that the astronomical alignments viewed at Chankillo was, and still, amazingly accurate. The towers have been known for a long time, but their astronomical value was not widely realized until Clive Ruggles and Ivan Ghezzi, conducted detailed studies on the spot in 2007. Archaeologists suggest that the inhabitants of Chankillo can determine the date with an accuracy of +/-two to three days by monitoring the sunset/sunrise from the accurate if the right observational platform would have been made. At the winter solstice, the sun behind the additional tower to the left would rise and then over time would rise behind all towers in anticipation that it reaches the farthest Tower on the right side about six months later, marking the summer solstice in the course of time. Another ancient site known for astronomical observatories contains only one point of astronomical alignment which had no adequate information for an accurate measurement during the whole year.
Chankillo, towers, which are divided between 4.7 and 5.1 m intervals vary in size and shape, ranging from 130 to 70 meters in width and up to 6 meters tall. According to archaeologists, the towers were built at that time completely flat on the top. The wall of this old site was once gleaming white, with paintings and figures decorate the monuments. The structures found at cemented walls were built of stone and formed Chankillo, a combination that matches the environment in this coastal desert and the incredibly beautiful surroundings in Peru. Apart from observing the sun, it would have helped builders of Chankillo Observatory to know the best time to plant and harvest crops.
Chankillo Astronomical is among the earliest illustration known to date in America for a monument dedicated to an astronomical function (Ghezzi & Ruggles 2007). The carefully chosen location in a place of extraordinary natural beauty, with a sufficiently low natural horizon for sky observation, construction of an artificial horizon, and the exact design of observing points and markings are an extraordinary example of the cultural transformation of a landscape, and the crucial role of the astronomical knowledge of the ancient civilizations. Chankillo solar observation device represents an early stage in the development of native astronomy in America (Paral. le 2008). In this part of the world is there a long term relationship between humanity and the sky. Old people in the Andes, as other ancient civilizations, often structured their actions within a specific view and appreciative of the sky, including the landscape. Chankillo discloses much about the way people, before the advent of written records, experienced, understood and tried to order and control the world they inhabited by astronomy.
Like many other ancient civilizations, particular Andean peoples printed their worldview on their sacred buildings. At Chankillo, it included the specific features for astronomical observations and time measurement. So in the category of architectural monuments dedicated to astronomical features is unique and singular, Chankillo bears testimony to a cultural tradition that has disappeared.
Chankillo Astronomical Complex is a masterful example of landscape timekeeping, a practice of ancient civilizations over the world, with what visible physical or cultural characteristics. At Chankillo, we find direct evidence of all four solstitial rising and setting points and resources to observe and identify the time of year, with an accuracy of 2-3 days, by observing the sunrise or sunset against the intermediate towers. In this sense, the astronomical facilities on this site represent a masterpiece of human creative genius.
Chankillo Astronomical Complex is interpreted as a large ceremonial complex dedicated to a Sun-cult, using a ceremonial calendar structured through accurate astronomical observation of alignment between the thirteen towers and observation points. The extensive research conducted on the site testifies to the authenticity and integrity of structures that form part of the dust that these unusual values rest. Nevertheless, these features are extremely vulnerable and call for urgent protection.
The legitimacy of Chankillo Astronomical is confirmed by present archaeological confirmation, which can be found in the relatively good state of preservation. There is direct evidence of the Solstitial and Equinoctial ladders and put points together with the means to observe and identify a date with an accuracy of 2-3 days, by observing the sunrise/sunset against the towers. No major projects account for the conservation or restoration have tried so far on account of the exceptional values of Chankillo features. Though, plans for a restoration/ conservation project a t the prepared Temple in part 1 established in the 1960s by Peruvian curator Victor Pimentel and his plans for a site-wide intervention prepared by the current Chankillo archaeological project.
In conclusioon ,the in...