Three ″Heirs″ of the Roman Empire (Essay Sample)

Islam, Byzantium, and West Europe
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Three ″heirs″ of the Roman Empire Islam, Byzantium, and West Europe
After the collapse of the Roman Empire in west 476 AD, there was the development of crucial civilization. These civilizations termed as the heir of the Roman Empire are Byzantine Islam, Byzantine, and West Europe. However, these heirs have some differences and similarities.
Similarities and differences
The Byzantine Empire was established after the fall of the Roman Empire. The empire was led by religious church leaders. The empire survived in the East until 1453. The rulers were chosen by theory, be God and preserved the Roman justice tradition. On the other hand, Islam is a monotheistic religion which Muhammad founded in the 7th century (Fitzpatrick, 2017). The teachings of Muhammad are in a Koran collection which is the holy book. The followers are Muslims and have a holy city known as Mecca. The Europe west or medieval west was a distinctive phase with western civilization. The share values of religion and society apprehension gave the medieval Europe intellectual unity which distinguished it from other culture. The economy and population started to expand in the eleventh century.
Strength and Weakness
The Byzantium cushioned the European from invasion from the north and east. The strength of the empire was due to strong and organized led navies and armies. Also, they had a prosperous economy that was facilitated by agriculture and trade and monopoly silk along with luxury goods (Pohl, Gantner & Payne, 2016). Similarly, the empire was dominated by the religion of Christianity. Also, the Byzantines prevented Muslim Arabs from advancing to Europe. Their weakness was the consuming of small farms into large states which affected the citizens and created weakness. Also, the invasion of Byzantine brought the empire to an end even after appealing for help from the Latin Christians. The westerners were driven from the Constantinople in the thirteen century as the Ottoman Turn invaded the city and destroyed the entire empire.
The Islam strength was manifested in unifying the Arabs in the Middle East and North Africa. The religion believed in Holy War which helped them to conquer most of these regions. They traded agricultural products of livestock, silk and products they acquired from craft. The empire had a strong army, and their religious leaders provided support and perseverance of welcoming people to join the Arabs by converting to Muslim. The Muslim failed to civilize the world due to internal conflict among them. The death of Caliph Umar and Uthman created division and civil wars, destroying their shared goal of unification (bin Abdullah, bin Laki & bin Mat, 2017). Also, the Muslims were influenced by western culture and decadence of moral and Muslim attitude. The power of the west for influencing Islam was to weaken them from religious and knowledge aspect.
The West Europe civilization was strong due to trade, economic and infrastructure development. They invented machines to increase productivity. There were heavy ploughing machines, windmills and industrialization (Acharya & Lee, 2017).  Women also were educated, and skills and knowledge of trade was taught. The nature of development spread through Europe and the strong army and Navies protected from Islam invasion. The weakness was overpopulation and lack of employment to most people who started to migrate and sharing the knowledge of industrialization machines. The economy was affected due to the lack of farms to cultivate and relying much on trade.
Unity and diversity
Byzantium Empire unified Latin Christianity in the west and Eastern Greek Christianity. The greatest achievement of Byzantium was the diversification of transmission of their civilization far o eastern slay and Russia (Fitzpatrick, 2017). In these regions, the people were converted to Byzantine or the orthodox Christianity in the tenth century. Due to its Byzantine heritage, Kievian Russia established a different form of culture than the western European. The empire preserved and passed the ancient Greek work and their literature as well as art was of high standards and influences the west.
The Muslim conquered and expanded in the near east, Spain, North Africa and Northern India. The diversity was due to Muslim religious zeal as they needed to reduce overpopulation in the Arabian Peninsula (Pohl, Gantner & Payne, 2016). They engaged in trade and established an extensive inclusion of people who converted to Muslim regardless of the ethnicity or race. The religion bids the people together and observes the Mosaic Law.
West Europe was firm in their agricult