Fine Tuning: Look at Different Theories Concerning This (Essay Sample)

Fine-Tuning
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Abstract
Fine-tuning of the universe is the idea that there is precise conditions or balance that exists allowing observable universe to exist. If the conditions were to change even by a little difference, the universe would not exist as it is. This paper is going to bring to light aspects that are believed to be fine-tuned; with which if they were not fine-tuned a different universe would exist. Such elements include Cosmic Constants Initial Conditions and "Brute Facts", Local" Planetary Conditions and Effects of Primary Fine-Tuning Parameters. The fact that no one Science can explain entirely how the universe is fine-tuned is evident that God fine-tuned the universe for habitation.
Introduction
The occurrence of life in itself is a wonder but what sustains it is of immense surprise. An argument that exists on fine-tuning includes that there are many universes and the odd of having a perfect universe is higher than the probability of having an imperfect universe. However, no evidence has been substantiated of this and most of the time this theory is said to suffer from infinite regress by scientists. Another theory is that the universe is fine-tuned by an intelligent designer, this theory does not state who the designer is but asserts that there must be a particular artist. Another theory states that it could have occurred by a natural process where volcanic eruptions occur and various compounds formed and fallen in the right way to form the universe (Baer et al. 2013). Such an event is not only unlikely but also extraordinary consequently this argument is not valid (Wallace 2012).
One of the aspects that are fine-tuned include gravitational force which is at a constant calculate by Brandon Carter shows that the if gravity had been stronger or weaker by one part in the tenth to the fortieth power, then life-sustaining stars like the sun would not exist. What would be life like without the sun? Winter in itself is a season that most people do not look forward to The Sun is one of the primary things that life depends on due to the provision of heat for both human beings and growth of plants that we depend on for food. Without the sun, people would lack Vitamin D that is necessary for the growth of bones and formation of calcium. The Sun also provides heat favourable to make some places of the universe warm like the earth. Other planets like Mars and Pluto are so cold to be inhabitable. This shows that the constant gravitational force is fine-tuned and necessary for life. Another aspect of fine-tuning is electromagnetic force constant where if the constant were to be changed by a small number making it weaker or stronger life would be impossible because the chemical bonds would be unstable. Cosmological constant which Albert Einstein proposed as to provide an outward pushing pressure that prevents gravity matter from causing the universe to collapse on itself. This controls the expansion speed of the universe. It refers to the balance of the attractive force of gravity with a hypothesised repulsive force of space observable only at large size scales. It must be very close to zero, that is, these two forces must be nearly perfectly balanced. If it were just slightly more positive, the universe would fly apart while slightly negative, and the universe would collapse. Also, if the constant were not there, there would be a high possibility that the universe would not have life-sustaining planets. In addition to those aspects, another form that exists is strong nuclear force constant (small-scale attractive force, holds nuclei of atoms together, which otherwise repulse each other because of the electromagnetic force which if it were weaker, the universe would have fewer stable chemical elements, eliminating several that are life-sustaining. Weak nuclear force constant which governs radioactive decay if it were much stronger or weaker, life-essential stars could not form. These four aspects are referred to as the fundamental force in the general theory of relativity (Ruiz 2013).
Besides physical constants, there are initial conditions, which describe the conditions present at the beginning of the universe which are independent of physical constant. Entropy represents the disorder in the system. Thus, low entropy is good for the start of the universe. A physicist, Roger Penrose estimates that the odds of the initial low entropy state of our universe occurring by chance alone are on the order of 1 in 10 10(123) that is extremely entropy which is necessary. The ratio of protons and neutrons is at a constant such that neutrons are about 1.001 times the mass of the proton; all protons would decay into all neutrons or vice versa thus making life impossible. If it were greater, there would be too few heavy elements for life while if it were smaller stars would quickly collapse as neutron stars or black holes (Razavi 2013). Another example of fine-tuned aspect that falls under initial conditions category is finely tuned density of the universe. For the universe to be life-sustaining the universe must have maintained a constant. The density is so finely tuned that a change in one part in 1015 would cause a collapse or a big crunch or there would be such a massive expansion that the galaxies would not exist (Carroll 2014).
Drange's formulation asserts that there must be an intelligent designer who designed the universe. To put this intelligent designer into perspective, God must have been the one that created those finely-tuned parameters this for the entire living to exist. Another reason that this is possible is that scientists and physicists alike have not found...