Behavioral Modification: Process and Dynamics (Essay Sample)

Behavior Modification
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Abstract
Procrastination involves a delay in engaging in a particular course of action or delaying them till past the deadline or last minute. A review of the literature revealed that procrastination levels are higher in men than women, in younger people than older ones and, among college students than undergraduates. Also, this paper reveals that procrastination is caused by lower self-efficacy, self-control, and self-esteem. The discussion showed that anxiety and health are some of the impacts of procrastination. Procrastination is then examined using classic conditioning, cognitive behavioral, psychodynamic, and psychoanalytic theories. The paper identifies personal resistance due to attitudes against change and, low self-efficacy and social environment, and cognition are barriers to change. The study revealed that psychologists could use positive reinforcement to encourage behavioral change when working with clients struggling with addiction. By using positive reinforcement, psychologists motivate their clients to go out of their way to change their behavior resulting in improved well-being.
Behavior Modification
Introduction of the behavior
Procrastination entails postponing engaging in a particular task or delaying them till past the deadline or last minute. When procrastination is viewed from a delayed discounting perspective, the individual chooses minute rewards such as extra rest time over the larger rewards coming later. For instance, university students may delay doing their assignments during the first few weeks of the semester and, thus, create a pleasant and stress-free scenario. Nevertheless, the short-term benefits they enjoyed became costly towards the end of the semester. Also, procrastination can be perceived from the Sidman avoidance perspective, whereby an animal gets a mild electric shock without warning (unmet deadline) if an interval passes in the absence of a particular response (task completion) (Svartda et al., 2018). Once the animals know the interval,