BOTULINUM TOXIN A (BONTA) USE IN TREATMENT OF FACIAL WRINKLES (Essay Sample)

BOTULINUM TOXIN A (BONTA) USE IN TREATMENT OF FACIAL WRINKLES Name Student group Year Institution TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………...1 1.1Cosmetic treatment use for BoNTA……………………………………………………….3 2. BASIC TECHNIQUES USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF BoNTA…………………..4 2.1Application of bonta to various wrinkled regions of the face……………………………6 2.1.1Glabellar……………………………………………………………………………………6 2.1.2Periorbital area/ crow’s feet………………………………………………………………8 2.1.3 Forehead…………………………………………………………………………………..9 2.2 Midface…………………………………………………………………………………....9 2.2.1Low eyelid region………………………………………………………………………..10 2.2.2 Wrinkles appearing around the nose…………………………………………………11 2.3 lower face applications of BoNTA……………………………………………………….11 2.3.1 Marionette lines…………………………………………………………………………11 2.3.2 Perioral wrinkles………………………………………………………………………..12 2.3.3 Unwanted dimples on the chin………………………………………………………..12 2.3.4 Gingival smile…………………………………………………………………………...12 2.3.5 Platysmal bands………………………………………………………………………..12 3. PATIENT SATISFACTION LEVELS REGARDING BoNTA……………………….....13 4. COMPLICATIONS BROUGHT ABOUT BY THETOXIN……………………………..15 5.CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………………...15 6. LIST OF REFERENCES………………………………………………………………….17 Botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) use in treatment of facial wrinkles Chapter 1 introduction (overview) Bacterium Clostridium botulinum produces the extremely lethal toxin, Botulinum toxin, commonly known in the cosmetic world as botox. Justinus Kerner, carried out initial discovery of the substance after which, the substance continued to gain popularity in clinical trials and cosmetic usage (Ascher, Rzany, Grover 2009, p. 25). The use of botulinum toxin (BoNTA) is particularly common especially in the field of cosmetic science. As more individuals grappled with the effects of daily changes such as ageing, physicians begun to realize the importance of the substance in cosmetology. Its augmented use begun after the outcomes of BoNTA materialized in the treatment of blepharospasm after which, cosmetic use of the substance took place for the treatment of glabellar lines was in 1992 (Ascher, Rzany, Grover 2009, p. 35). Physicians increased its use of the potent botulinum substance steadily for a wide array of cosmetic purposes. In the contemporary international system, BoNTA is the most widespread acted upon cosmetic course of action in the international system. Sufficient understanding of the toxin’s cosmetic procedures and treatment is pertinent in any discussion undertaken in the scientific field. As such, it is essential to delve into deeper discussions regarding the facial treatments of Botox in facial regions that include the glabella, prominent forehead lines, crow’s feet, as well as the lower regions of the face. The aforementioned facial regions are all susceptible to wrinkling, especially as individuals age (Adler, Keller, Sheridan 2001 p. 45). Techniques used in the application of BoNTA vary from one physician to another; however, basic techniques over long periods of time have brought about statistics that act as evidence of patient satisfaction after procedures. It is vital to point out that even though BoNTA has proven highlighted beneficial results in regards to facial wrinkles, a range of complications also arises based on individual side effects, treatment options and techniques, as well as individual recovery. The use of BoNTA associated especially in the treatment of facial wrinkles is especially beneficial and generally safe based on approval and reports supplied by numerous bodies such as the Food and Drug Administration (Burbaud , Wiart , Dubos 1996, 23). The benefits of the toxins are also accentuated by increased research conducted into the establishment of safety procedures, as well as the efficacy of the substance proven by research and the number of people that continue to use the substance in the alleviation of facial wrinkles. As the world becomes more accepting of scientific development especially in the area of cosmetic re-construction, treatments that are made possible by BoNTA will continue to rise. Even though the toxin is characterized as highly lethal, the positive effect it has in cosmetics, as well as medicine is undeniable. Treatment using the substance foes a long way in reducing and delaying wrinkles in a large group of individuals. Cosmetic treatment use for BoNTA Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNTA) injections are simple, secure and tremendously effective procedures used for aging faces particularly for the purposes of reducing wrinkles in various regions of the face through the momentary and reversible paralysis of targeted muscle sites. BoNTA usage can occur through a combination of various other procedures that are either invasive or minimally invasive. Such procedures include the use of cosmetic lasers or fillers in a bid to accentuate or progress the results of the toxin (Ascher, Rzany, Grover 2009, p. 189). Issuing patients with realistic expectations regarding the procedures is pertinent prior and after each BoNTA procedure. In order to gauge the extent of the results, physicians and BoNTA experts often take pictures of the patients before and after their procedures. This allows for close evaluation of progress as well as examination of the effects of the procedure on patients. Attainment of well-versed assent is obligatory for the procedure, which should include the specifications of the regions being treated. Furthermore, the consent form should also contain or mention all complications related to the treatment such as unnecessary headaches or migraines, symptoms of flu, abnormal bruising, signs of infections, drooping of the eyelids, smile asymmetry, changes in speech, as well as dysphagia in the rarest circumstances. It is advisable for doctors to discuss the response curves for botulinum toxin A, as well as the estimation of the appropriate dosage. Since all individuals have dissimilar anatomies, it is possible that different individuals will require diverse dosages (Ascher, Rzany, Grover 2009, p. 156). Physicians or therapists that have years of experience with the product do not habitually deal with patient complications except in instances of reviewing the patient, which occurs a few weeks after the procedure. CHAPTER 2: BASIC TECHNIQUES USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF BoNTA In most normal circumstances, all traces of makeup especially in instances of female patients are removed for antisepsis of the patient’s skin, which occurs through the use of isopropylalcohol or iodine (Adler, Keller, Sheridan 2001 p. 64). Ranging on patient flexibility or tolerance to pain, physicians should strive to ensure that their patients receive utmost comfort before and after their procedures, which works well to reduce undesired effects of the toxins. As a way of diminishing pain at injected regions, application of topical anesthetics, as well as frozen air or iced compresses before each injection is beneficial. In instances of application of anesthetics, physicians must classify patients that suffer from sulfa allergies. Additionally, vapocoolants are also effective in the effort to reduce discomfort and apprehension especially in instances where new patients are concerned. After each procedure, physicians recommend that their patients remain in upright positions as a way of eliminating discomfort. In some cases, prescribed amounts of 1: 2 to 1: 2.5 between BOTOX and DYSPORT also work to reduce discomfort and increase efficiency levels (Ascher, Rzany, Grover 2009, p. 156). Injection of the toxin in many patients takes place on an outpatient basis where patients experience the injections in chairs that have hoisted head support. Assessment of patients by physicians is vital in order to analyze facial composition. Moreover, paying close attention to any preexisting asymmetry allows physicians to observe relaxed and contracted muscles of their patients in order to determine the most appropriate regions of treatment. Physicians select and mark viable regions for the treatment with a visible skin marker, in a manner that is symmetrical in regards to selected regions, as well as in relation to doses. Injections of BoNTA are superficial and are done through small syringes specifically designed for the procedures or through needles that are fine-gauge in nature. These needles share significant similarities in regards to intra procedural and post procedural pain. After treatment, physicians should advise their patients to exercise the muscles at injected sites mildly a few hours after treatment as a means of avoiding high levels of discomfort (Ascher, Rzany, Grover 2009, p. 179). IMAGE 1: Physicians rely on small syringes and fine gauge needles for procedures
In order to achieve the most proficient and lasting results of BoNTA, storage, as well reconstitution of the toxin is prudent. In many instances, physicians reconstitute the substance several hours prior to the procedure in order to use it with a ger...