Understanding the nature of diabetes melittus (Essay Sample)

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Diabetes Mellitus
Normally, under normal conditions the body breaks up carbohydrates and sugars into a useful sugar called glucose. Glucose helps to boost the functionality of the cells in the body. This cells include the white, red and T-cells. Insulin is a hormone found in the body that helps this cells to take up the glucose and use it as energy. Diabetes Mellitus is a condition that results from the body not making enough insulin or making excess insulin that it can’t use. As a result, the glucose builds up in the body’s blood system (Unanue, & McDevitt , 2008). This leads to damaged blood vessels in the heart, kidneys, eyes and even the nervous system.
The body’s immune system is boosted mostly by a number of cells. These include the B- cell which is part of the white cells group called the lymphocytes. They contain a protein in them which separates it from other cells like natural killer cells and T cells. This B cell protein is known as B cell receptor because it uses this protein to bind to antigens. It’s a lymphocyte that protects the immune system from diseases by destroying pathogens by combining with the antigens. T cell on the other hand is a type of white cell that plays a big role in the immunity of body system. They produce cytokine, a certain protein which are involved in active response of the immune system. They work in conjunction with the B- cell since they are part of the white cells and they protect the body’s immune system.
As their name suggests, T- helper cells assist the rest of the white cells for a stronger immunity. With their combined efforts, they are able to make the body strong in fighting disease causing antigens in the body. Their capability to divide rapidly while secreting cytokines makes them ideal for the body immune system defense. On the other hand, macrophages are cells that function by engulfing pathogens in their state. Their ability to stimulate the lymphocytes mentioned above helps in the response to pathogens. These combined efforts of all these cells help the body to fight some of the chronic diseases like diabetes Mellitus.
Diabetes Mellitus is a disease which happens as a result of the failure of the body to recognize the functions of its constituent parts. As a result, the body’s immune system responds against itself instead of fighting the pathogens. This gives disease causing organisms to manipulate the immune system and make it weak for vulnerable diseases. This is known as the autoimmune response and it leads to Diabetes mellitus. Therefore the insulin- producing cells of the pancreas end up getting destroyed and become functionless.
The body’s immune system is synchronized to work with the help of other parts and failure of one part can cause the entire immune system to collapse. Lymphocyte cells are independent in their functions and specialization but they work together to complete the system and prevent any opportunistic pathogens. The combination of all these cells works to boost the entire body immune system. They are distributed in areas of specialization where they attack and overpower pathogens before they enter the body system. Their failure to fight these pathogens leads to diseases such as diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes Mellitus happens as a result of the destruction of the pancreas beta cells. This leads to the lack of insulin and increase of glucose level in the blood. Its symptoms include frequent thirst, urinating, loss of weight and increased hunger. Due to the autoimmune response to the pancreatic beta cells, the immune system of a diabetic person faces a lot challenges because it is a risk factor. It hinders the functionality of the lymphocyte cells because it makes the immune system to react against itself. The response of T- helper cells and the B- cells leads to activation of innate immune system of the body. This reverse in functionality therefore makes this disease incurable.
People suffering from this condition can however live a normal life by managing their insulin distribution in the body (Feinglos & Bethel). Injecting insulin through the skin is the most common procedure among many victims. A person injects the insulin in areas with fatty tissues in the body. There are various methods of injecting which include insulin pens which use cartridges with a fine needle which have been pre-filled and syringes. This insulin helps the body to keep a balanced glucose lev...