The Government of the United States of America Research (Essay Sample)

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Government essay 4
Introduction
The government of the United States of America is subdivided into various categories of administration namely; the federal government, county, and state government. It is important to understand the relationship between these levels of government to the public policy process, problem framing, domestic policy, foreign policy, international policy and problem policy areas. These concepts play a significant role in each level of administration, therefore, it is important to understand keenly how these concepts relate to the federal, state and county governments in the country.
Public policy is defined as a systematic set of actions undertaken by the various levels of administration from the federal, state and county government which are concerned with matters of national or states governments and are guided by the law through the constitution. Public policies can be categorized as domestic, foreign and international whereby; domestic policies are primary concerned with issues and decisions made within a country’s geographical boundaries. Foreign policies are matters and decisions that are made and implemented concerning the world’s occurrences and political platforms. On the other hand, international policies have a close similarity to foreign policies but they are mainly concentrates on a country’s principles and directives towards global issues and worldwide matters like pollution and terrorism. Problem framing is illustrated as a criterion in which an issue or a problem is described, analyzed and interpreted before presentation to the relevant authorities. This essay will provide a detailed analysis of the relationship of the above concepts and how they are put in place at different levels of administration.
Body
According to Kraft’s quote, a system in place is illustrated as a guideline and principles which are enforced by a government or organization aiming at providing a platform for solving problems or issues arising in a particular country or society. The system in place can be analyzed in two different perspectives; one which concentrates on the domestic point of view and the other one which mainly deals with a global setting. The system in place on domestic scenario are the principles which are put in place by a particular government in order to solve domestic issues within the countries boundaries. The system in place on global perspective are guidelines and directives offered by a respective nation which mainly concerns global issues and international matters which affect other countries beyond united states of America geographical boundaries. The system in place whether on domestic or global context provides an elaborate mechanism which ensures that solutions to Tran's boundary problems are achieved effectively. Over time the world as experienced a series of changes especially concerning the welfare of people which includes issues such as security, control of environmental pollution, and eradication of poverty, global warming, and killer diseases. Issues of such importance require a well-established and effective guidelines to be laid down in order to address these matters in an efficient manner. (Elder and Cobb, pages 1-2).
According to Ginsberg, Lowi, and Weir, (15-17), public policy is "A law, rule, statute or edict that expresses the government’s goals and provides for rewards and punishments to promote their attainment”. The government is an institution that is sorely mandated to come up with public policies which are generally laws and regulations concerning political problems. Laws and regulations form the basis of seeking effective and appropriate solutions to counter respective problems. Public policies usually comprise of goals which are set by the relevant authorities, such goals are the primary targets set to be achieved by implementation of respective public policies.
Firstly, the process of public policy starts with the identification of the main problem or issue of concern whereby the parties involved in the process are required to accurately articulate the main problem in the context of a political platform. Secondly, after problem identification, it is followed by agenda setting which simply means coming up with the main point of discussions and concepts relating to that particular problem. The agenda setting ensures that the important key issues are noted and provides a base for formulating public policy. The third step involves policy formulation procedure which basically involves the creation of a draft policy based on the problems identified and agendas. Later on after formulation of the policy, the process enters the stage of policy adoption. In this stage, the policy formulated is tested examine how it will fair before it proceeds to the other final stages. The fifth step which is very important in the process of policy formulation involves the actual implementation of the formulated policies, in this case, the policy is actually implemented on the actual problem so as to provide effective solutions towards the problem. Thereafter, the particular policy is passed through evaluation procedure to examine its performance and from this point, it is determined whether the policy has been able to effectively achieve its objective in providing viable solutions to the problem in question. Finally, after the public policy has been evaluated is supposed to be checked whether through its implementation process it has been accompanied with consequences which should be noted and analyzed. According to the above analysis, it is clear that public policy having been passed through a thorough process its effective in solving problems especially ones which are political. The process is capable of identifying the problems accurately, giving clear agendas, implementing and evaluating the performance of the policy towards the issue of concern. As such, it is therefore not appropriate to refer to the process as a money wasting procedure considering that the USA itself is a product of policies which were implemented earlier before and its product is positively recognized and acknowledged. Millennium development goals (MDGs) and sustainable development goals (SDGs) are objectives which were set during a United Nations summit in 2000. Public policies set by any authority should rely on objectives set under the MDGs and SDGs. Public policy should thereby adhere to the respective to common goals or objective which are outlined in the MDGs and SDGs so as to ensure their effectiveness in solving global and Tran’s boundaries political problems.
According to Lasswell, (1) politics is the struggle of who gets what, how and when, he explains that is a mechanism in which individuals ...