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Pages:
3 pages/≈1650 words
Sources:
3 Sources
Level:
APA
Subject:
Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Type:
Lab Report
Language:
English (U.S.)
Document:
MS Word
Date:
Total cost:
$ 25.92
Topic:

Laboratory Lab Report on Human Anatomy and Physiology (Lab Report Sample)

Instructions:

The report was about a case study on a 35-year-old lady who had suffered several abrasions and lacerations resulting from a bicycle accident. It qualitatively analyze and diagnose the possible effects of this accident on the Lady's central nervous system and the brain. All the twelve cranial nerves were examined.

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Content:


Laboratory lab report on human anatomy and physiology
Student’s Name
Institution
Course
Instructor
Date
Laboratory lab report on human anatomy and physiology
Abstract
The human brain is made up of twelve pairs of cranial nerves where they emanate from to reach other parts of the body such as the ear, eyes, hands, and legs to convey messages and effect changes. Impairing any of the nerves produces and effect on the functioning of one of the body parts. In this lab experiment, we conducted several test on a 35 year old woman who had suffered several abrasions and lacerations resulting from a bicycle accident. After a careful examination of the extent of her head trauma, it was found that she showed signs of dizziness, inability to hear clearly, weakness in eyelids among other symptoms. The symptoms she showed led to the conclusion that she had damaged her vestibulochoclear verve (CN VIII) and the facial nerve (CN VII)
Introduction
There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves that emerge either from the hindbrain or the forebrain CITATION Wea19 \l 1033 (Weatherspoon, 2019). All of these cranial nerves exit the brain and are therefore considered part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The only pair that does not exit the brain is the olfactory nerve. The nerves are important in controlling some of the basic functions of body parts such as tasting, hearing; balancing, seeing, gag reflex, smelling and feeling/touch. If any of the 12 pairs is affected, then one of these functions will be impaired CITATION Vas21 \l 1033 (Vasković, 2021). The structures of the neck and the head are supplied with the cranial nerves except the vagus nerve which supplies impulses to the structures of the abdomen and thorax. Each of the cranial nerve is represented by a name followed by a Roman number following a sequence of cranial to caudal. While majority of the nerves are motor nerves, some of them are purely for sensory functions while others have moth motor and sensory roles. Four cranial nerves are tasked with carrying parasynthetic fibers.
Statement purpose: The aim of this lab experiment was to determine the motor or sensory deficits our patient Aria was experiencing due to the affected cranial nerves that were inflicted by her injuries.
Hypothesis: The cranial nerves that had been affected due to Aria’s injury were the vagus nerve since she could not distinguish between salty and sweet tastes, her facial nerve since she showed weakness in her eyelids, lips, eyebrows and on the right of her forehead. Her vestibulochoclear nerve had also been affected since she felt dizziness and had trouble keeping balance. She could also not hear clearly the tuning fork on her right side when it was struck indicating that her vestibulochoclear nerve had been affected.
Procedure
For the facial nerve, the symmetry of muscles on both sides of her face was determined. To achieve this, Aria was asked to lift her eyebrows, frown and smile, slightly lift her eyes, wrinkle her forehead, tightly close her eyes, and pull her lips together. While all this was being done, the symmetry of her muscles on both sides of her head at each facial expression was being recorded.
For the vagus nerve, Aria was asked to use the posterior portion of her tongue to taste sugar and salt. She used both the side and left side of her tongue separately to taste the two substances. Her ability to taste either sugar or salt on both sides of her tongue was recorded on a table.
Lastly for the vestibulochochlear nerve, two tests were performed. In the first test, I stood behind Aria and whispered the words “I had tea for breakfast” which I asked her to repeat. She failed to repeat the exact words that I had said. For the next test, Aria was asked to stand near a white board but facing away from it. A line was then drawn on each side of body parallel to it. She was then asked to stand between the two lines for two minutes with her eyes open. Using the lines on the white board as reference, left to right swaying of her body was keenly observed and recorded on a table. The step was then repeated but this time with her eyes closed. The degree of left to right movement was also keenly observed and recorded. The third and fourth steps were repeated but this time with Aria’s body facing perpendicular to the board. Front to back swaying movements were also observed and recorded.
Results
Facial nerve – Voluntary motor function – Muscle of facial expression
Aria
Facial expression

Symmetrical (Yes or No)

Normal (Yes or No)


Aria Normal

Aria Normal

Smile

No Yes

No Yes

Lift their eyebrows

No Yes

No Yes

Frown

No Yes

No Yes

Close eyes tightly

No Yes

No Yes

Pucker lips

No Yes

No Yes

Wrinkle forehead

No Yes

No Yes

Sensory function – Taste on the anterior portion of the tongue
Aria
Solution

Right side of the tongue (Yes/No)
Aria Normal

Left side of the tongue (Yes/No)
Aria Normal

Sugar

No Yes

No Yes

Salt

No Yes

No Yes

Vestibulochoclear nerve
Ability to repeat whispered phrase

Left ear (Yes/No)

Right ear (Yes/No)

Aria

Yes

No

Normal

Yes

Yes

Discussion
After conducting the tests on facial expression, it was found that Aria had no symmetry when it came to facial expressions like smiling, frowning, raising eyebrows, and pulling lips together. However, the control experiment had a perfect symmetry when she was asked to make

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