Expedition by De Soto and the Indians (Other (Not Listed) Sample)

Expedition by De Soto and the Indians Dakota Hornbeck Affiliation Course Instructor Due Date Expedition by De Soto and the Indians Task 1 In his famous Funeral Speech during the period of the Peloponnesian War, Pericles, an outstanding Athenian politician, described the advantages of Athens, focusing on the family traditions and the spirit of the Farrell generations. He celebrated Athens as a freedom passed down through generations and further enhanced by its subjects as an self-sufficient state in times of war and peace. A particular emphasis was placed on the democratic form of governance of Athens and that it was not only a democracy. It knowingly gave others competition and not imitations. In Pericles' speech, there is a promise that his people will be surprised at how great Athens was because of the dedication of the Athenian citizens in performing their duties for the welfare of Athens. On the other hand, Euphiletos, being an accused of the murder of Eratosthenes in his defense speech, put forward a point of view of individualistic social role within the society of Athens, especially to women. He recalled how Eratosthenes had sex with his wife with the aid of an enslaved person, becoming an adulterous man. This aspect of the wife’s unfaithfulness was played entertainingly by Euphiletos when he claimed to be a ‘fool husband’ who did not know that an affair was being conducted under his roof. Nevertheless, he faithfully justifies this action, stating that it was homicide under Athenian law and that he acted as was required of him in order to defend his family's honor. The rest of this defense articulated his best-known observation of their legal and moral responsibilities in societal circles. Although Pericles and Euphiletos come from different cultures and eras, both speakers address the conception of citizenship. Pericles argued that all Athenian citizens have duties, obligations, and contributions toward the city and the democratic spirit, presenting a picture of group pride and a sense of duty. On the other hand, Euphonetos seemed to be forgiven by his roles of having to protect his family's reputation, and he used the Athenian laws as his explanation. It is obvious that both stories employ the idea of responsibility – this is the sphere of general pride and public management on the part of Pericles, as well as personal duty on the part of Euphiletos related to the family and law.   Task 2 1 What type of resources did the Indians of Cayas have? The people of Cayas received the Spanish explorers warmly and offered them plenty of resources, which were crucial for Soto's expedition. The most prominent was maize, which was rich and refilling for the expedition's members and their horses. This Maize was important because it ensured food security; it provided a staple food. Moreover, they also possessed a special way of making salt: water gets filtered through sand and then boiled to obtain the salt. This salt was not only for their consumption but also for barter for other items from other tribes, which they bartered for products such as animal skins and shawls made out of animal skins, among others. They also dealt with salt production and trade, thus pointing out that the Cayas closely understood how to manage resources and business. 2 What resources did the Indians of Pacaha have? In the neighborhood of the Indians of Pacaha, they lived in abundance and with plenty of food resources, especially those of maize, which they had piled up and grown crops in their farms. This made it possible to feed the population consistently, which was crucial for their survival. Moreover, they used an effective means of regulating and controlling fish resources as a food source. This ensured that a canal linked a lake to the River Grande, so that fish could enter this lake and kept for the food of the cacique. This system had well-thought-out planning and resource utilization, as seen above. Notably, the town itself was well fortified, featuring fortified stockades and built-in loopholes; this suggests that the occupants were ready to guard their vital assets. 3 What happened when the de Soto expedition reached Tula? Reaching Tula, their expedition was met with rigorous confrontation by the native population. Given the small number of attackers, the Tula Indians started to attack in groups, hoping to overwhelm the defenders and using the roofs of their homes as bunkers. These attacks were a continuous and a well-programmed barrage on the Spaniards, which caused them much inconvenience. The attack was lengthy, and peasants fought thoroughly; several were wounded, and many lost their lives. Of the Spanish horses, one was instantly killed, and several others received bullet wound injuries. Despite that, the Indians proved to be no match for their American counterparts, and the end saw the killing of fifteen of them, forty women and boys from the Indians' side being taken prisoners. This hostility demonstrated the vigor and the tactics of the Tula Indians and their opposition against the intruders. 4 Why was de Soto so cruel to the Indians at Tula? De Soto treated the Indians at Tula harshly, which was aimed at ensuring that the native people showed their subordination to him and showed them the power that he possessed. When de Soto and his men fought through Tula, as described above, he probably wanted to show the local cacique and his people a unidimensional message: fear of him and his followers. Killing two of them, cutting off the hands of three others, and sending their corpses to the cacique with a threat would help de Soto to subdue him and make him obey. This was a rather brutal way of subduing the population that aimed at threatening the local chiefs and preventing any further rebellion. Thus, De Soto followed his homicide approach to control and conquer with the help of extreme measures and tools to reach the key aims of his expedition. 5 How did de Soto’s expedition support themselves while traveling through the country? Food was a major commodity that De Soto and his men got from the native settlements that they came across during their journey. If they were exploring through any particular area, they would take as many bags of Maize, beans, walnuts, dried fruits, meat, and anything eatable from the people living in a certain area of the region. They also discovered that the Indians trapped rabbits, which were an additional source of meat for the community. Also, they collected required necessities such as salt, procured from the nearby tribal people, and aquatic organisms from these sources. This sort of behavior of living off the resources available in the region and obtaining supplies from the natives proved to be an effective way of surviving the expedition since it depended on those supplies for extended periods, albeit at a high cost to the native cultures. 6 How do you think this affected the Indi...